Chap. XIII. further explorations. 343 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Dr. Livingstone's further explorations — Effects of slave-trade — Kirk's 

 range — Ajawa migration — Native fishermen — Arab slave-cross- 

 ing — Splendid highlands. 



The Murchison Cataracts of the Shire river begin in 15° 

 20' S., and end in lat.lo 55' S., the difference of latitude 

 is therefore 35'. The river runs in this space nearly 

 north and south, till we pass Malango ; so the entire dis- 

 tance is under 40 miles. The principal Cataracts are 

 five in number, and are called Pamofunda or Pamozima, 

 Morewa, Panoreba or Tedzane, Pampatamanga, and 

 Papekira. Besides these, three or four smaller ones might 

 be mentioned; as, for instance, Mamvira, where in our 

 ascent we first met the broken water, and heard that 

 gushing sound which, from the interminable windings of 

 some 200 miles of river below, we had come to believe 

 the tranquil Shire could never make. While these lesser 

 cataracts descend at an angle of scarcely 20 D , the greater 

 fall 100 feet in 100 yards, at an angle of about 45 : , and 

 one at an angle of 70°. One part of Pamozima is perpen- 

 dicular, and, when the river is in flood, causes a cloud of 

 vapour to ascend, which, in our journey to Lake Shirwa, 

 we saw at a distance of at least eight miles. The entire 

 descent from the Upper to the Lower Shire is 1200 feet. 

 Only on one spot in all that distance is the current moderate 



