100 TETRANDHIA MONOGYNIA 



2. G. tjnctotuum, L ? Stem erect, slender, smooth ; loaves in sixes 

 and fours, lance-linear, rather obtuse, marginal prickles pointing for- 

 ward, or diverging ; peduncles elongated, often in threes, and somewhat 

 corymbosely subdivided ; corolla 4-parted. JJeck, Jiot. /;. 162. 

 Dyer's Galium. Vulgo — Dyer's Goose grass. Wild Madder. 



Root perennial. Stem 12 to 18 inches high, generally erect, i aniculaU ly branch- 

 ed. Leaves mostly in sixes on the sum, ami in foura on the I ranches, narrower 

 ami more lanceolate than in the- preceding, occasionally somewhat a< ute, margins 

 Inclining to be revolute, with the prickles generally pointing towards the apex, 

 sometimes diverging, or divaricate. Peduncles mc stly tt rmtnal, in threes, longer 

 than in the preceding, each one subdivided at the end, or 2 or 3-flowered. Corolla 

 white, 4-parted ; lobes rather acute. Style \ ifid; stigmas 2, gloU sc. FYuit when 

 first mature containing a purple juice, at length dry. 



Hub. Moist woodlands, and low grounds: frequent. Fl June. JFV. Aug. 



Obs. Dr. Torrey thinks this is nothing more than a variety of the preceding. It 

 is certainly nearly allied to it; but, so tar as I have observed, the different s a! ve 

 noted are pretty constant This is the plant which we have always taken fur (i. 

 toriunu here ; but it is proper to remark, that the specimens so labelled, in 

 Muhlenberg's Herbarium, and in that of the Academy of Natural Sciences, at Phi), 

 adelphia, appear to be somewhat different;— the whole plant I ■ f a lighter 



color, or more glaucous, the branches v< nder, ii;« stem leaves more linear, 



und the frui: smaller. The earl> travi 11. rs among our Aboi igines inform t:s, that 

 the roots of G« tinctorium are used fordyeing porcupine quills, and oilier savage 

 ornaments, of a red color. 



3. G. aspuellum, Jlf.w Stem diffuse, much branched, retrorxlv 

 aeulcatc ; leaves in sixes, fives, and lours, lanceolate, acuminate, mid- 

 rib and margins anncd with sharp uncinate rctrorse prickles ; pedun- 

 cles rather short, slender, in twos or thre< 3. Beck, Hot. /,. 102. 



G. Pennsylvanieum. JMuhl, CatuL /j. 15. IS'ot of Mart. Phil* 

 Roue; u is ii Galium. 



Root perennial. Stem flaccid, 2 or 3 feet 1 n: ( iften 1 or o f< it long, wh< n sup- 

 ported on bushes), sharply scabrous with retrorse pri< kles, much branched above, 

 fjrmipg diffuse entangled bunches. IVr/jf*"s rathe appr xin ite. Lea res mostly in 

 sixes and fives, s m (times in fours, the mar/ii ribuncinatcly aculeate ; 



stem leaves oval-lanceolate, or lanci -obovate, < I u so, mucronate ; those on the 

 brajaches lanceolate, acuminai at the apex. Flower-bearing branch- 



es divaricate ; flowers numerous, small PeuuncUs in pairs, or threes, often sub- 

 divided, very slender, and rather short Corolla very white ; lobes acute, or acu- 

 minate. Style bifid ; stigmas 2, gi< \ a se. 



Hub, Swampy thickets: ditch banks: frequent. Fl. July. FV*. Sept 



Obs. Prof. Hooker seems to think this is identical with the preceding, OC with 

 our G. trifidum ; but if he were to see them grow IQg in their native localities. I aj • 

 prehend he w >uld change his opini n. The sharp hooked prickles on the haves 

 and branches of this species render them quite adhesive to objects with which the) 

 come in contact. 



f f Fruit hispid. 



4. G. apauixe, i. Stem flaccid, procumbent, retrorsely aculeate, pu- 

 bescent near tlte joints ; leaves mostly in eights, long, linear-oblanroolate, 

 mucronate, mid-rib and margins aculeate ; peduncles elongated, simple 

 and bifid, axillary ; fruit large. 'Beck, Hot. /;. 168. 



