436 SYNGENESIA 



[Cyxaiie* 



357. ARCTIUM. L. JVutt. Gen. 63G. 

 [Greek, Arktos, a bear ; the involucres being rough like a bearskin.] 



Heads homogamous. Involucre sub-globose ; leaflets squarrose, unci- 

 natcly incurved at apex. Florets all tubular, perfect. Pappus in many 

 series, pilose, the hairs short, distinct at base, and caducous. .lkenes 

 compressed, ribbed, with the areola terminal. Receptacle bristly-pal. 

 caccous. 



1. A. Lappa, L. Leaves cordate-oblong, denticulate, petiolate ; invo- 

 lucre smoothish. lieck\ Bot. p. 171. 



Lappa. Less. Syn. {>. 8. Vulgo — Bur-dock. 



Gallice — Glouteron. Genu. — Die Klctte. Jlisp. — Bardana, 



Root perennial ? (biennial, Willd. <fcc.)» Stem 2 to 4 or 6 feet high, paniculately 

 branching, striate-sulcate, roughish-pubescent. Leaves alternate, petiolate scab- 

 rous above, paler and lanuginous beneath ; radical ones large (1 to 2 feet long, an d 

 6 to 10 or 12 inches wide), cordate-oblong, acute, wavy on the margin, denticulate 

 or crosely dentate, sometimes pinnatifid ; cauline leaves smaller, more or less 

 ovate. Heads globose, or roundish-ovoid, half an inch to 3 quarters in diameter) 

 on short peduncles, terminal and axillary ; leaflets of the involucre subulate. lan- 

 ceolate, keeled, minutely serrulate, smoothish, spreading, with the point incurved 

 and hooked. Florets purple, with bluish anthers. Akcnes compressed, aneular 

 rugose, crowned with a short pilose scabrous pappus. Bristles of the receptailt 

 smooth, longer than the akenes. 



Hab. Fence-rows, and waste places : common. FL July— Sept. Fr. Sept— Octo. 

 Obs. The A. Bardana, of Willd. (A. lome7itosum } Pers.) with an arachnoid. 

 tomentose involucre, is thought to be only a variety of this. A variety has been 

 observed here, occasionally, with pinnatifid leaves. The Bur-dock is known to 

 every one ; and although an introduced plant, has become a common and trouble- 

 some weed, on premises which are neglected. An infu3ion of the root is a popu. 

 lar remedy for colic ; and the leaves are a favorite external application, in fevers 

 head ache, &c. It is the only species in the U. Stales— if not of the genus. 



358. CARDUUS, /,. Mitt. Gen. G38. 



[The Lai in name fur the Thistle.] 



Heads homogamous. Involucre tumid, ovoid, imbricated ; )eajlets 

 mostly spinose. Florets all tubular, perfect. Pappus in many series, 

 long, pilose, or plumose, united in a ring at base, deciduous. Akenes 

 ohlong, compressed, not ribbed. Receptacle bristly. 



( § 1. Pappus pilose. None of this section in the U. States.) 



§ 2. Pappus plumose. (Cxicus. IVilld. &c.) 



# Leaves all pinnatifid. 



1. C. laxceolatus, L. Leaves decurrcnt, pinnatifid, hispid, the 

 segments lanceolate, bifid, divaricate, spinose ; leaflets of the involucre 

 lanceolate, spreading. Beck y Bot. p. 175. 

 Cnicus lanceolatus. Willd. and most of the Authors here quoted* 



Lanceolate Cardu^s. Vulgd — Common Thistle. 



Gallice — Chardon lanccote. Germ. — Die Distel. Uisp. — Carda. 



