484 SYNGENESIA [Se5eciox, Wjb 



of 2 subulate-lanceolate chaffy scales about as long as the akene, and 2 or 3 addi- 

 tional ones which are much shorter, ovate and acute,— all pubescent and ciliate 

 the small ones lacerately fringed. Receptacle chaffy, the chaff shorter than the 

 disk-florets, oblong, abruptly acuminate, conduplicate, striate, pubescent at sum- 

 mit, and on the keel, or back. 



Hob. Woodlands; borders of thickets, &c. frequent. FL Aug. Fr. Sept— Octo 

 Obs. This is the plant intended by H. mollis, in my Catalogue,— -and I suspect 

 it has passed under that name with some others ; but it is very distinct from H 

 Mollis, of Willd. — which Is synonymous with H. tomentosus, Mx, a plant of the 

 Illinois prairie*. Our plant is In the Herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy 

 under the name of H. trurficlif alius ; which, however, seems to be an obscure and 

 very uncertain species. It also agrees pretty well with the description of EllioWs 

 H. sjxithulatus. There is obviously a great degree of confusion and obscurity 

 respecting the species of this genus,— which can only be removed by a good Mono- 

 graph. Mr. Nuttall, who obligingly examined my specimens, considers this as 

 the H. dccapctaluS) L, and I have accordingly adopted the name. 



t t Upper leaves alternate. 



4. H. gigawteus, L. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, subscrrate, ob» 

 aoletcly 3-nerved, scabrous, narrowed and ciliate at base, subsessile ; 

 leaflets of th3 involucre linear-lanceolate, attenuate at apex, ciliate. 

 Heck, Bot. p. 202. 



Gigantic Helianthus. Vulgo — Wild Sun-flower. 



Root perennial. Stem 5 to 8 feet high, rather stout, terete, striate, more or less hir- 

 sute and scabrous, sometimes smoothish below, corymbose-paniculatoat summit. 

 Leaves 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, and half an inch to an inch wide, lanceolate, 

 acuminate at each end, more or less serrate, thickish and subcoriaccous, very 

 scabrous above, roughish and pilose beneath, narrowed almost to a petiole at base, 

 the narrow portion ciliate,— the lower leaves generally opposite, the upper onct 

 alternate. Heads of flowers rather large j in a loose terminal corymbose panicle ; 

 peduncles roughish-pubescent , leaflets oi the involucre iir,ca; -ianceu.au, iong, 

 and attenuated at apex, hirsute and ciliate ; rays numerous (12 to 20), yellow, with 

 longitudinal orange-colored veins, about an inch in length, lance-oblongj florets 

 of the disk very numerous, greenish-yellow. Akencs subcompressed, cuncate- 

 oblong, somewhat 4-angled, finely striate, smooth, dark brown ; jxi/^us consisting 

 of 2 lance-subulate chaffy scales, finely lacerate on the margin, rather shorter 

 than the akene (longer, Ell). Receptarle chaffy, the chaff shorter than the disk- 

 florets, oblong, conduplicate, acute, with a short tooth on each side near the apex, 

 Mtriate, pubescent at summit and on the back. 



Hab. Borders of thickets, &c. frequent. FL August—Sept. Fr. October. 



5. H. tubbkosus, L. Leaves ovate, acumi?iate, 3-nerved, scabrous, 

 the lower ones subcordate ; petioles ciliate. Beck, Bot. p. 203. 



Tuberous Hklianthus. Vulgo — Jerusalem .Artichoke. 

 CiaMcd — Topinambour. Germ. — Die Erdartischoke. Hisp. — Cotufa. 

 Root perennial, tuberous. Stem 4 to 6 or 8 feet high, stout, terete, striate, hirsute 

 and scabrous, branching. Loaves 4 to 6 or 8 inches long, and 2 to 3 or 4 inches 

 wide, ovate, acuminate, serrate-dentate, very scabrous on the upper surface, pubes- 

 cent and roughish beneath, abruptly contracted at base to a narrow cuneately- 

 tapering margined ciliate petiole 1 to 2 or 3 inches in length,— the lower leaves 

 sub-cordate at base, opposite {rarely ternate), the vpper ones alternate* Heads of 



