2 S8 



HARDWICKE'S SCIENCE-GOSSIP. 



form. In Scotland, Roebuck records it from four 

 counties, but it appears to be less frequent than the 

 blackish form razoumowski ( = nigrescens, Moq.). 



33. A. attr, mut. reticulatus, Roeb. Described 

 from an Irish specimen, but Dr. Simroth has figured 

 ("Zeits. fur Wiss. Zoo].," I885, pi. vii. f. 25) the 

 same mutation from Germany. 



34. A. ater, var. fasciatus, Ckll.* This is a brown 

 banded variety, found in Ireland, and recently well 

 figured by Dr. Scharff. The interesting nature of 

 this variety is seen when we note its resemblance to 

 the Portuguese A. lusitanicus. Compare, for instance, 

 Dr. ScharfFs pi. lvi. figs. II and 12, with Dr. 

 Simroth's pi. xii. figs. 7 and 3, in his great work on 

 the slugs of Portugal and the Azores. In England 

 we frequently observe bands on very young individuals 

 of A. ater, but they soon disappear. \ 



In Ireland, the var. fasciatus retains them much 

 longer, although even here they become evanescent 

 in old age. Then, in Portugal, we get a distinct but 

 very closely allied species, which is quite commonly 

 banded, though it has banded mutations. 



Still another banded form is the var. cinereus of 

 Westerlund, with which may apparently be identified 

 the var. A. ater described by Mr. W. D. Sutton 

 ("Journ. of Conch." 1875, p. 25), from the Northum- 

 berland and Durham district, as, " blackish above, with 

 a black band on each side of the body, and the sides 

 yellowish-white." The form I described as var. 

 subdeletus from Ireland is also banded, but immature. 



35. 36. A. ater, var. elineolatus, Ckll., and mut. 

 subreticulatus, Ckll. These are two forms from 

 Truro, Cornwall, both with the back black and the 

 sides yellow or yellowish, but in the first the dark 

 lineoles of the orange fringe are wanting ; while the 

 second, having the lineoles, has also the sides 

 reticulated with grey. It would appear that elineolatus 

 is a variety peculiar to Cornwall, although a very 

 similar form is said by Dr. Scharff to occur very 

 frequently along the sea-shore near Dublin. It is 

 interesting to find that Dr. Leach (" Syn. Moll, of G. 

 B.," 1820, p. 67 of copy of proofs in the Brit. Mus.) 

 long ago found elineolatus near Bodmin, and described 

 it as var. 4. 



37- A. subfuscus, mut. aurantiacus, Ckll. An 

 crange form, found in Ireland, and figured by Dr. 

 Scharff (I.e., pi. lvi. f. 19)4 Locard named a variety 

 from France aurantiacus long ago, but as he seems 

 never to have described it, one cannot be certain 

 whether it is the same as that from Ireland. Other 

 very similar forms are on record from various con- 

 tinental localities. 



* Seibert ("Mai. Blatt.," 1873, p. 390) described a var. 

 fasciatus, which should have priority. It is, however, omitted 

 by Pollonera in his recent revision of the genus, and I have no 

 clear idea of its peculiarities. 



f Mr. W. A. Gain, who has reared the species, writes 

 (Scihnce-Gossip, 1890, p. 45) that stripes appear on light- 

 coloured varieties a week or two after leaving the egg, and 

 begin to disappear when the slug is less than half-grown. 



J Dr. Scharff does not give the varietal names of the slugs 

 he figures. See " Conchologist," 1891, p. 50. 



38. A. hortensis, var. fallax, Ckll. A form 

 coloured like A. subfuscus by slime, common at 

 Boxhill. It may be the same as the var. subfuscus 

 (C. Pfr.) of the continent, but Dr. Scharff has shown 

 that Ario?i subfuscus has both slime-coloured and 

 truly pigmented forms, and the var. subfuscus of 

 hortensis may resemble the latter in character. The 

 young of A. subfuscus are very similar to fallax, and 

 I believe I formerly (Science Gossip, 1886. p. 140) 

 confused them with it. 



39. A. hortensis, mut. albipes, Ckll. An individual 

 mutation with colourless slime, from Middlesex. 



40. A. circutnscj'iptus, subsp. ambiguus, mut. 

 subalbidus, Ckll. A form with white sides and dark 

 back, rather after the manner of A. ater, v. albolateralis. 

 As only one example has been found (in Dorset), it 

 may be simply an individual mutation. 



41. A. circumscripttis, subsp. bourguignati* mut. 

 atripunctatus, Ckll. A form with black dots, from 

 Yorkshire ; Dumont and Mortillet have described 

 (" Malac. Savoie," 1S52, p. 7) a nearly similar form 

 of A. subfuscus from the Alps. In California, 

 Hesperarion hemphilli (W. G. Binn) and H. niger 

 (Cooper) have varieties much dotted with black. t 



42. 43, 44. Geomalacus maculosus, mut. allmani, 

 Heyn. ; mut. verkruzeni, Heyn. ; mut. fasciatus, 

 Ckll. The species itself is confined to Kerry and 

 Cork, in Ireland ; and north-west Spain and north 

 Portugal. Simroth lately found mut. verkruzeni in 

 Portugal. In Ireland allmani would seem to be 

 more common than the yellow and black type (mut. 

 typicus. Heyn.). In the British Museum there is a 

 bottle containing eight examples collected by Mr. W. 

 Andrews ; one juvenile, three allmani, three fasciatus 

 and one typicus. Another lot of five, presented by 

 Mr. Laughlin, are all allmani. A third bottle 

 contains many specimens, including allmani and 



fasciatus, and is marked, " An Island in Dingle Bay, 

 West Coast of Ireland. Presented by W. Andrews, 

 Esq." 



The mut. fasciatus, which is specially interesting 

 because there are normally banded species of geo- 

 malacus in south-west Europe, may be described as 

 follows : — ■ 



Ground colour white or whitish, mantle marbled 

 with black or dark brown, and ^with dark lateral 

 bands ; body hardly marbled, pale, with four dark 

 longitudinal bands, two subdorsal, and two lateral. 



* Mr. Roebuck ("Census of Scottish Land and F.-W. 

 Moll.") records A. bourguignati, var. sub/usca, frorn two 

 Scottish counties. I have seen no description of this ; is it the 

 same as var. neustriacus (Mab.) ? 



+ H. hemphilli, var. maculatus (Ckll. MS., W. G. Binn., 

 sub. Ariolimax, 3rd Suppl. "Terr. Moll. U.S.," pi. v., fig. B). 

 Differs from type in being grey with black dots, edge of foot 

 black-spotted at intervals, sole pale ochery, lateral tracts not 

 mottled, liver pale yellowish. 



H. niger, var. maculatus (Ckll., sine descr.,sub. Ariolimax, 

 " Nature," May 1890, p. 31). Larger and stouter than lient- 

 philli, var. maculatus, but exactly like it in colour and 

 markings, except that the lateral areas of the sole are marked 

 in the usual manner of niger, and the sole is darker altogether. 

 Liver putty-colour. Received from Dr. J. G. Cooper, Hay- 

 wards, Cal. 



