PLATE XIV.— FUMITORY (Fumaria officinalis), and WALL-FLOWER (Cheiranthus Cheiri). 



Fumitory. 



The common Fumitory may be readily obtained, generally from May onwards, in all sorts of waste places and corn and other 

 fields. It is a weak straggling herb, with finely divided leaves, and a peculiar shaped irregular flower. The flower is of a pale rose- 

 colour and inconspicuous, and said to be fertilised without the agency of insects. The form and arrangement of the different parts 

 are evidently suggestive of some purpose. 



Flowers — 



Fig. 1. Inflorescence — a Raceme, and flowers with Bracts. 



Figs. 2. and 3. Make a vertical section of the flower from the base, holding it between finger and thumb. 

 Bract, a modified leaf with a flower in its axil 

 Pedicel, short in flower, elongating in fruit 

 Sepals, small and scale-like. 

 Petals, one of the outer bulging at the base. 

 Stamens and Carpels best seen separate. 



Diagram I. — The part of the flower turned towards the axis may be conveniently termed dorsal, or posterior, and the opposite 

 part towards the bract (when present) will be ventral, or anterior. 

 Calyx, two sepals become lateral by a twisting of the flower-stalk. 

 Corolla, two outer petals (anterior and posterior) large, two inner small. 

 Andrcecium, two stamens, each splitting into three anthers. 

 Gynoecium, two united carpels, as indicated by the lobed stigma. 



Foliage- and Floral-Leaves — 



Fig. 4. Foliage-leaf much divided. 



Fig. 5. Bract with broad base of attachment. 



Fig. 6. Sepal with indented margin. 



Fig. 7. Petals, detached — inner view. 

 (a.) Anterior petal flat. 



(&.) Posterior petal saccate, having a dilated base. 

 (e.) Inner petals united at tip. 



Fig. 8. Stamen with flattened out filament bearing three anthers. 

 Fig. 9. Carpel with stigma lobed. 

 Fruit and Seed — 



Fig. 10. Fruit — an Achene. 



Fig. 11. Hold the minute fruit between finger and thumb, and cut section lengthways. 



Fruit-cover or Pericarp. 



Seed consisting of minute embryo with endosperm. 

 Diagram II. — Fruit in Corydalis, a two-valved capsule, with numerous parietal seeds. 



CLASSIFICATION OF FUMITORY. 



Class. — Dicotyledon. 

 Division. — Polypetalae. 

 Sub-division. — Thalam iflorae. 

 Order. — Fumariaceae — 



Flowers, irregular. 



Stamens, two, each with three anthers. 



Ovary, one-chambered. 



Fruit, one-seeded Achene or many-seeded Capsule. 



Seed, with endosperm. 

 Genera.— Fumaria and Corydalis, the two British genera. 



Wall-flower. 



Wall-flower is a universal favourite no less from its beautiful colours than from its sweet smell. It may be had for examination at 

 almost any season of the year. The cross-like arrangement of the petals gives the name to the Order— Cruciferae— which includes, not 

 only ornamental plants, such as Wall-flower and Stock, but many useful vegetables, such as Turnip and Cabbage, Cress and Cauliflower. 



Leaves and Flowers — 



Fig. 1. Inflorescence— a Raceme with generally a bract at the base, but individual flowers without bracts. 

 Foliage-leaves alternate. 



Opened flowers outer, unopened towards centre. 

 Fig. 2. Make a vertical section of fully opened flower, so as to pass through lateral sepals which bulge at the base. 

 Receptacle, the slightly expanded end of flower-stalk. 

 Sepals, inserted upon receptacle. 

 Petals, inserted upon receptacle. 

 Stamens — long and short — inserted upon receptacle. 

 Diagram III.— In a Flower-bud examine arrangement and relation of parts- 

 Calyx, in two whorls of two sepals each — the anterior and posterior overlapping the two lateral sepals. 

 Corolla, a whorl of four petals, alternating with sepals. 

 Andrcecium, in two whorls — outer whorl of two short stamens, opposite to lateral sepals, and inner whorl of four 



long stamens. 

 Gynoecium of two united carpels. 



Fig. 3. Foliage-leaf, lance-shaped, entire. 

 Floral-Leaves — 



Fig. 4. Lateral sepals, bulging at the base to accommodate the bending of the two short stamens ; this bending in turn being due 

 to a little gland on their inner side. 



