PLATE XX.— ROSE, STRAWBERRY, SPIREA, APPLE, CHERRY, LADY'S MANTLE. 



The large and important Natural Order of the Rosacea? may be conveniently divided into five Series, based principally upon the 

 number of the Carpels and the nature of the Fruit There is a sixth Series which is exceptional and peculiar. 



I. Rose^e. — Type, Dog Rose (Rosa caninci) or Sweetbrier (Rosa rubiginosa). 

 Fig. 1. Sweetbriar Rose in vertical section. 



Receptacle, hollow. The so-called Calyx-tube is simply the end of the Floral Axis hollowed out to protect the 



Ovaries, hence the sub-division Calyciflorae was founded on a misconception. 

 Sepals, arising from margin of receptacular cup. 

 Petals, arising from margin of receptacular cup. 

 Stamens, arising from margin of receptacular cup. 



Carpels contained in hollow receptacle, the stigmas projecting beyond it. 

 Diagram. — Calyx of five Sepals. 

 Corolla of five Petals. 

 Androecium of numerous Stamens. 

 Gynoecium of numerous Carpels. 



Figs. 2 and 3. Fruit of Dog Rose entire and in section. 



The receptacular cup has become fleshy, and the enclosed single-seeded fruits are Achenes enveloped in hairs. 



II. Fragarie^e or Dryade^e. — Type, Bramble (Rul/its fruticosus) or Strawberry (Fragaria vesca). 



Fig. 4. Strawberry flower in vertical section. 

 Receptacle, convex. 



Sepals from lateral expansion of receptacle. 

 Petals from lateral expansion of receptacle. 

 Stamens from lateral expansion of receptacle. 

 Carpels, studded over elevated receptacle. 



Fig. 5. Ease of Flower. 



The Sepals have Stipules as well as the leaves, and these form an Epicalyx or Calyculus. 

 Diagram.— Calyx of five Sepals. 

 Corolla of five Petals. 

 Androecium of numerous Stamens. 

 Gynoecium of numerous Carpels. 



Fig. 6. Strawberry. 



The receptacle has become swollen and succulent and the little Achenes are almost imbedded in it 

 In the Bramble (Rubus) the fruits which are little drupes, have become succulent, while the relatively small 

 receptacle is dry. 



In the Silver-weed (Potentilld) both fruits and receptacle are dry. 



III. Spir^eace^e. — Type, Meadow-sweet (Spiraa Ulmaria). 



Fig. 7. Spiraea in vertical section — with a few Stamens only shown. 



Receptacle, a flat expansion, slightly raised in the centre. 

 Sepals and Petals arising from margin of receptacle. 

 Stamens arising from the flat receptacle 



Carpels, attached to slightly raised central portion of receptacle 

 Fruit of five Follicles. 



Diagram. — Calyx of five Sepals, persistent in fruit 

 Corolla of five Petals. 



Androecium of numerous Stamens or reduced to twenty. 

 Gynoecium of five Carpels usually, or more. 



IV. Pomeje. — Type, Apple (Pyrus Mains). 



Fig. 8. Apple-flower in vertical section. 



Receptacle, hollow and closed at the top. 

 Sepals, Petals, and Stamens arising close together 

 Carpels, adherent to hollow receptacle. 



Diagram. — Calyx of five Sepals. 

 Corolla of five Petals. 



Androecium from fifteen to twenty Stamens. 

 Gynoecium, not more than five Carpels. 



Fig. 9. Apple in transverse and vertical section. 



The swollen succulent receptacle has enveloped the five carpels now ripened into fruit, and each has a carti- 

 laginous lining. 

 Seeds, two in each carpel, sometimes one aborts. 

 Calyx, persistent at the top of receptacle. 



V. Amygdaleje.— Type, Cherry (Prunus Cerasus). 



Fig. 10. Cherry-flower in vertical section. 

 Receptacle, hollow. 



Sepals, Petals, and Stamens from margin of receptacle. 

 Single Carpel in centre. 



Diagram. — Calyx of five Sepals. 

 Corolla of five Petals. 

 Androecium from ten to twenty Stamens. 

 Gynoecium of one Carpel. 

 Figs. 11 and 12. Cherry, a Drupe containing one Seed, enclosed within the innermost stony portion, surrounded by a succulent 

 part, and covered by a skin. 



