120 Flowering and its Results. 



o 



A Pome is another form of the fruit in which the carpels are 

 united with each other and with the calyx ; the whole is invested 

 with the thickened and juicy tube of the calyx ; all such fruits 

 are known by the eye at the summit, consisting of the leaves. 

 Of this kind is the apple, pear, quince, &c. Fig. 37 shows a 

 Pome ; A, the capsule ; B, the pulp. 



A Berry has its mesocarp soft and juicy ; the cndocarp be- 

 coming absorbed when the fruit is ripe. Fig. 33. A, the seeds ; 

 B, the pulp. 



A Strobilus or cone is merely a hardened catkin, enlarged 

 into a seed-vessel. Fig. 30. This is seen in the pine, cypress, 

 and fir tree. These consist of the numerous assemblage of a 

 number of separate flowers on a common receptacle or head. 

 They are separated from each other by bractae or floral leaves 

 which, remaining after flowering, arc changed into a kind of scales 

 to serve as a protection for the seeds ; lying over each other like 

 the shingles of a house, they afford a perfect and extremely sim- 

 ple as well as ingenious mode of protection. A well known 

 example of this kind is afforded in the pineapple. The stalk 

 serves as an axis on which a great number of flowers that grow 

 directly from it, without stems, are congregated together ; as 

 the fruit grows, it becomes united or soldered with its neighbors 

 adjacent ; traces of each, however, can be detected by the pro- 

 tuberances on the summit. A crown of leaves surmounts the 

 whole, giving us the appearance of a single fruit, for which it 

 would be unhesitatingly taken by a person unacquainted with 

 botany. 



In fig. 14 is shown the fruit of a lily. A, the valvules of the 

 capsule : B, a seed ; C, the arillus opened to discover the seed. 



Many modes of classifying fruits have been adopted ; we will 

 give Mirbel's as a sample. 



FIRST CLASS— NAKED FRUITS. 



Order 1st. Simple fruits remaining closed. 



" 2d. " " opening at maturity. 



11 3d. " •'' dividing into many parts when ripe. 



" 4th. Compound " proceeding from a germ to which the style adheres 



" 5th. " " " « " " not bearing the style. 



" 6th. Simple and succulent fruits contained in a nut. 



" 7th. 4i ' " " containing many separate seeds. 



