A PINE- WOOD STUDY. 183 



the woods, are parasites, and riddle and bore 

 and drill the timber in all directions. Borings 

 like those of the Scolytus, tunnellings under the 

 bark, and the formation of resinous galls are 

 all insect doings. Fairy-like fungi in a variety 

 of forms is parasitic on the pine, and relieves 

 the somewhat sombre colouring by flashes of 

 scarlet and glowing lustre. Beetles and insects 

 innumerable swarm through the fallen needles, 

 and sport their gauzy wings in the sunlight. 



To the open spots, where the Jays and 

 the Cushats come, a patch of forest flowers 

 and bright green grass glisten. Even here, 

 on the thinly soiled ground, the golden 

 Rock-rose blooms, the Wild Thyme, and the 

 Tormentilla. Sometimes even the Giant Bell- 

 flower rears itself, and a few species of Carex. 

 This bright green caterpillar, with brown -black 

 stripes, will first change into a brown chrysalis, 

 then into a beautiful Pine-hawk Moth — not 

 a common entomological find. In addition to 

 these, in and about the wood, are the Black 

 Arches, Barred-red and Grey Carpet-moths, the 

 Light, Silver-striped, Scarce Orange-spotted, 

 Spotted and Streaked Pine, Scarce Ermine, 

 Large and Resin-grey moths, and a host of 



