Loss of Energy due to Chemical Union Sfc. 35 



Table VI. — Positive metal, Zinc. Weak Solutions. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



H C0 3 . 113844 



RbHO. 1-01830 



KHO. 1-01546 



NaHO. 1-00688 



Com- 

 pounds. 



E.M.F. 



Rb 2 C0 3 . 1-00974 

 K 2 C0 3 . -9840 



Na„CO„. -9697 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



1-0545 



1-06957 



1-0757 



Change of Per 

 E.M.F. cent. 



Loss -04476 = 4*21 

 „ -08557 8-0 

 „ -1060 9-85 



Table VII. — Positive metal, Magnesium. Strong Solutions. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



KHO. 1-4929 



Formic acid. T6416 

 Acetic „ 1-9592 



Com- 

 pounds. 



E.M.F. 



KFormiate. 1*5558 

 K Acetate. 1-7131 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



1-5600 

 1-7427 



Change of Per 

 E.M.F. cent. 



Loss -0042 = -28 

 „ -0296 1-12 



Table VIII. — Positive metal, Magnesium. Weak Solutions. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



H 2 C0 3 . 116416 



KHO. 1-2412 



Com- 

 pounds. 



E.M.F. 



1-3985 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



1-2073 



Change of Per 

 E.M.F. cent. 



Grain -1912=15-83 



Conclusions from the Results of Section A. 



1st. In nearly every instance with Acids and Alkalies, 

 whether the electromotive force was measured by means of 

 a positive metal of aluminium, tin, cadmium, zinc, or mag- 

 nesium, there was a loss of that force due to the act of 

 chemical union ; and the proportion of losses to gains in the 

 entire series was 81 to 1. 2nd. The amount of such loss 

 depended upon five different conditions, viz. the kind of acid, 

 of base, of positive metal, the degree of dilution, and to some 

 extent the temperature. The losses were usually greater 

 with all the other acids employed than with carbonic : they 

 were larger with caesia than with any other base ; they were 

 usually greater with aluminium than with any other positive 

 metal, and with very weak solutions than with more concen- 

 trated ones ; but the order of magnitude of loss with salts of 

 potassium was nearly the same with strong solutions as with 



D2 



