Loss of Energy due to Chemical Union Sfc. 



43 



The following remarks inay be made respecting the results 

 in Section C : — 1st. In all the twenty-six instances, except 

 one of Table XV., there is a loss of electromotive force. 2nd. 

 The amounts of change of that force are all very small. 3rd. 

 They are much smaller than those obtained with the same 

 positive metal in Sections A and B, where chemical 

 action is much more energetic. If we compare them with 

 those in Tables 1Y. and XII., we find that whilst the changes 

 in Section C vary only from a maximum loss of 3*6 to a gain 

 of "02 per cent., in Table IV. the losses vary from 19*2 to 

 10'65 per cent., and in Table XII. the amount of change is 

 from a loss of 15*64 to a gain of 11*54 per cent. And, 4th, 

 the results show that the method of measurement is sufficiently 

 delicate to be employed with mixtures of neutral salts which 

 are not considered usually to act chemically upon each other. 



Section D. — Acids 4- Salts. 

 Table XVII. — Positive metal, Cadmium. 



Strong Solutions. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



Mixture. 



E.M.F. 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



Change of Per 



E.M.F. cent. 



HOI. 



CsCl. 

 EbOl. 

 KC1. 



NaCl. 



Ba01 o . 

 Sr01 o . 

 CaCf 2 . 



1-1217 

 •93866 

 •93008 

 •98156 

 •99586 



HCl+CsOl. 

 „ +RbCl. 

 „ +KC1. 

 , +NaCl. 



1-07308 

 1-04734 

 1-03590 

 102732 



•9713 



•9747 



10276 



10442 



Grain -10178= 10-47 



„ '0726 7-47 



„ -0083 -807 



Loss -0169 1-616 



•96440 



•95868 



2HCl4-BaCl 2 

 „ +SrCl 2 

 „ +CaCl 2 



1-05878 

 1-05592 

 1-05020 



0-0116 

 00140 

 00233 



Gain -0472 = 4-666 

 „ -0419 4136 

 „ -0269 2-648 



MgCl 2 . 

 ZuCl 2 . 

 CdCL. 



•96726 

 •96726 

 •9644 



2HCl+MgCl . 



„ +ZnCl 2 " 

 „ -fCdCL. 



1-04448 

 1-05592 

 1-06164 



1-3333 

 10212 

 1-0092 



Gain 



•0112 = 1-083 

 •03472 3-40 

 •06072 6-016 



HBr. 

 RbBr. 

 KBr. 

 NaBr. 



1-11026 

 •90434 

 •89516 



•87860 



HBr + RbBr. 

 „ +KBr. 

 „ +NaBr. 



1-08452 

 1-05306 



1-07880 



•9721 

 •9822 

 •9800 



Gain 



•1124 

 •0707 



•0988 



11-56 



7-19 



1008 



H 2 S0 4 . 



Rb 2 S0 4 . 



K 2 S0 4 . 



Na 2 SG 4 . 



Ain S0 4 . 



1-1646 

 •94438 

 •9644 

 •9930 

 •9501 



H 2 S0 4 +Rb 2 S0 4 . 

 „ +K.,S0 4 . 

 „ +Na 2 S0 4 . 



„ +Am 2 S0 4 . 



1-08452 

 1-10168 

 1-1074 

 10645 



MgS0 4 . 

 ZnS0 4 . 

 CdS0 4 . 



•9644 



•9787 

 •9673 



HN0 3 . 



Citric acid. 



1-13314 

 108166 



H 2 S0 4 +MgS0 4 . 



4-ZnS0 4 . 



„ +CdS0 4 . 



1-07594 

 1-08452 

 1-08166 



2HC1 -r-Rb.,S0 4 . 10931 



H.,S0 4 +CdCL, 1-09024 



2HN0 3 4-Rb 2 SO t . 109024 



Citric acid +3K01. 1-06164 



1-0036 

 1-0365 

 1-1216 

 1-0415 



1-0544 

 1-0490 

 1-0030 



•9825 

 1-0342 



1-0050 

 10262 



Gain -0809 



„ -0651 



Loss -0142 



Gain -023 



8061 

 6-287 

 1-266 

 2-20 



Gain 0215 = 2-039 

 •03552 3-386 

 •07866 7*842 



Gain '1106 - 11'25 



„ -056 541 



„ -0852 8*47 



„ -0354 345 



