Equilibrium in Mixed Electrolytes. 



347 



with those of Table I., we find that whether the mixtures 

 contained a single halogen or two different ones, each of the 

 mixtures which were isomeric to each other at once attained 

 the same final state ; and on comparing them with those of 

 Tables I. and II., it appears tbat whilst an additional salt 

 hindered the chemical and molecular change, the addition of 

 a second halogen did not impede the change, probably 

 because the halogen was free and had greater chemical 

 energy. 



In a previous research (Phil. Mag. Jan. 1892, p. 49) I 

 have examined the influence upon the electromotive force 

 of a cadmium platinum couple of heating aqueous solutions 

 of chlorine, bromine, and iodine alone, during successive 

 periods of time, until a state of equilibrium was attained, and 

 have shown the amounts of change thereby produced ; the 

 strength of solution then employed was one equivalent weight 

 of the halogen, in grains in 449,500 grains of water. These 

 experiments with the three halogens showed the limits of the 

 amount of chemical and molecular change produced in their 

 aqueous solutions by means of heat. 



Section B. — Halogens + Acids. Positive metal, Zinc. 

 Table VIII. — Influence of a Halogen + an Acid. 



Ingredients. 



01. 

 HBr. 

 Br. 

 HCl. 



E.M.F. 



Mixtures. 



E.M.F. 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



Change of 

 E.M.F. 



Gain -2379 



„ -0288 



Per 



cent. 



1-9250 

 1-30718 



1-8706 

 1-35866 



CI 4- HBr. 

 Br 4 HCl. 



1-73332 

 1-73904 



1-4954 

 1-7102 



= 15-9 



1-68 



HI. 

 I. 



1-18134 

 1-4410 



CI 4- HI. 

 I4-HC1. 



1-41014 



1-3428 

 1-4226 



Gain -06734 

 Loss -0125 



= 501 



•87 





Br 4- HI. 

 I+HBr. 



1-40156 



1-4464 



1-3888 



Loss -0448 

 Gain -01276 



= 3-09 

 •91 



With the two mixtures of the first isomeric couple the 

 electromotive forces were unsteady, and the amounts ob- 

 tained by means of experiment are so nearly alike that they 

 may be regarded as identical. In all three cases the two 

 isomeric mixtures of each couple appear to have at once 

 attained the same final chemical and molecular composition 

 and state of equilibrium. 



