Equilibrium in Mixed Electrolytes. 



349 



The bromine solution used in Tables XI. and XII. was not 

 rendered colourless by the alkali ; the resulting mixture gave 

 with test-paper an alkaline reaction followed by a bleaching 

 effect ; its colour was not visibly altered by heating, nor by 

 the addition of a second equivalent of the alkali. Both by 

 means of an aluminium positive metal and a tin one a loss 

 of electromotive force caused by heating the mixture was 

 detected, and it was shown that the most stable condition of 

 chemical equilibrium was not attained during the act of 

 mixing. 



With Zn as Positive Metal. 



Strength of Solution = 1 equivalent weight in grains in 



511,500 grains of water. 



Table XIII. — Chlorine water + KHO. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



Mixtures. 



EM.F. 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



Change of 

 E.M.F. 



Per 



cent. 



H 2 0. 1-1270 













KHO solution. 1-0755 













CI water. 19250 



CI + KHO. 



1-8420 



1-4055 



Gain '4365 = 



31-06 



mm. 













After heating 1 to 98° C. 





1-6990 





„ -2935 



20-88 







1-5274 





» -1219 



8-67 







1-3129 





Loss -0926 



6 59 



„ 30 „ „ 





1-17216 



„ 



„ -2334 



16-61 



„ 30 „ „ 





1-13270 



» 



„ -2728 



19-40 



The solution of CI + KHO in these experiments required 

 much more prolonged heating than one of CI alone, in order 

 to reduce the electromotive force to the smallest amount and 

 to complete the chemical and molecular change. Whilst 

 also with the mixture of CI + KHO the electromotive force 

 was finally reduced nearly to that given by water alone ; 

 with a solution of CI alone it finally remained constant at a 

 number nearly double that given by water (ibid.). 



Table XIY. — Bromine water -f KHO. 



Ingredients 





E.M.F. 



Mixtures. 



E.M.F. 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



Change of 

 E.M.F. 



Per 

 cent. 



Br water 



mir 



1-8706 



L. 



Br+KHO. 



1-69614 



1-4696 



Gain -22654 = 



= 15-41 



After heatin 



1 

 5 



to 98° C. 



„ 



1-61320 



» 



„ -1436 



9-77 



" " 



?) >j 



>> )> 



1-51882 



" 



" -04922 



>> 

 3-35 





30 



,, „ 



„ ,, 



1-19420 





Loss '2754 



18-70 



) » >> 



30 



" " 



)> )> 



1-1270 



" 



„ "3426 



23-31 



Phil. Mag. S. 5. Vol. 38. No. 203. April 1892. 2 B 



