350 Dr. Gr. Grore on Chemical 



The electromotive force was finally reduced to that of 

 water, and the chemical and molecular change appeared to be 

 nearly complete. 



Table XV. — Iodine water + KHO. 



Ingredients. E.M.F. 



Iodine water 14416 



min. 

 After heating 1 to 98° C. 

 >» >j J- >> >> 



») >> 30 ,, ,, 



Mixtures. 



E.M.F. 



I+KHO. 



1-3844 



1-3272 



1-2843 

 1-1942 

 1-1270 



Calculated 

 E.M.F. 



1-3295 



Change of 

 E.M.F. 



Per 



cent. 



Grain -0549 



Loss -0023 

 „ -0452 

 „ '1353 



„ -2025 



4-136 



•1730 

 3-400 

 1017 

 15-23 



Similar remarks may be made respecting the results of this 

 Table as about those of Table XIY. 



In each of these three tables the process of heating caused 

 a gradual loss, and at a diminishing rate of electromotive 

 force ; and each of the liquids appeared to finally acquire a 

 fixed chemical and molecular state. The total percentage 

 losses of mean amount of electromotive force with the three 

 mixtures were as follows: — with C1 + KH0, 50*4; with 

 Br + KHO, 38-7 ; and with I + KHO, 19-30. 



General Remarks and Conclusions. 



1. The mixtures employed in this research may be divided 

 into two classes, viz., those which spontaneously change with 

 such rapidity that they at once attain on mixing a compara- 

 tively fixed state of chemical and molecular equilibrium, and 

 those which only slowly change and attain such a state. 



2. The results of the present research and of previous ones 

 show, that with mixtures of acids + salts, and of salts 4- 

 salts, a fixed state of equilibrium was in nearly all cases 

 immediately attained ; but with halogens + salts, halogens + 

 acids, and halogens ■+■ bases, a greater or less degree of retarda- 

 tion of attainment of such a state frequently happened. 



3. According to the results given in Tables V. and VI. 

 compared with those of Table I., doubling the degree of 

 concentration of the solution did not produce any conspi- 

 cuous effect upon the state of chemical equilibrium. 



4. The results of Table III. indicate that with the particular 

 mixtures there employed, a gradual change by lapse of time 

 occurred, and each liquid attained a state of comparative 

 equilibrium in 24 hours. 



5. The great influence of temperature is shown in a number 

 of cases in Tables IV,, XI., XII., XIII., XIV., and XV. ; in 

 all cases it acted so as to promote chemical and molecular 



