Vol. 67.] WEST, MID, AND EAST SOMEKSET. 61 



Carboniferous Limestone ; while hills, varying in size from almost 

 tumulus-like mounds to markedly-conspicuous hills (such as Twine 

 Hill), are composed of Keuper and Rhsetic, or Keuper, Rhaetic, and 

 Lower Liassic rocks combined. 



I have worked over all the outliers in this part, but have found 

 little to add to the already published notes of others. 1 



Twine Hill. — The Lower Liassic beds which cap this hill are precisely 

 similar in appearance to their equivalents at Ashton in the Wedrnore 

 inlier (p. 55), comprising limestones and conspicuous beds of shale, in 

 part of -planorbis hemera. They rest upon the Jew Stone, to which 

 succeed below the more rubbly and fossiliferous limestones of the main 

 mass of Langport Beds. 



Lancherley Cross.— Scarcely 200 yards along the road from Lancherley 

 Cross in the direction of Woodford, on the right-hand side, is a small 

 section which affords evidence of the continuation of the main 

 Twine-Hill fault, and suggests that that line of displacement is con- 

 nected with one of those which traverse the Yarley (or Henton) 

 outlier. 



(3) East Somerset (pars). 

 (A) The Nunney-Elm Area. 



(i) Introduction. — This area embraces the romantic and 

 picturesque neighbourhood of Nunney and Vallis Vale. 



The Nunney Valley has been excavated out of the hard Carboni- 

 ferous Limestone, which generally has Inferior Oolite resting 

 directly and unconformably upon its well-planed edges. But in 

 places, between the Oolite and the Carboniferous Limestone, are 

 deposits which include Rhgetic, Lower Lias, Middle Lias, and Upper 

 Lias. They lie in hollows in the Limestone-surface, or fill in fissures 

 in that rock. The extraordinarily fossiliferous character of these 

 deposits suggests that they represent the accumulations which were, 

 so to speak, washed before the advancing waters. 



In Rhaetic limes there were man}- fissures in the Carboniferous 

 Limestone of the neighbourhood, and into these fossils of the 

 epoch were washed. In places, however, they were accumulated 

 instead in slight depressions of the limestone-floor, were mixed 

 with angular or rounded fragments, and now appear as con- 

 glomerates or breccio-conglomerates fast-fixed to the limestone 

 surfaces. 



Farther away from the old sea-margin, where the surface of the 

 Carboniferous Limestone declines, as at Hapsford Mills in Vallis 

 Vale, the Rhaetic deposits become less attenuated and gradually lose 

 1heir conglomeratic facies. About 2 miles to the north-west of 

 Prome, it is recorded that the Bone-Bed, presenting its normal 

 characters, was met with 



'at a depth of 310 feet, in a pit at present being sunk by James Qxley, Esq., 

 of Frome, to the Lower Series of Coals of the Somersetshire basin.' 2 



1 ' Geology of East. Somerset & the Bristol Coal-Fields ' Mem. Greol. Surv. 

 1876, pp. 81-82; see also Q. J. G. S. vol. xx (1864) pp. 403-404. 

 a Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. ii (1875) p. 96. 



