124 JDR. W. P. HUME ON SEOUL AR OSCILLATION IN EGYPT [Feb. I9II, 



III. The Hammama Type. 



South of latitude 27° 1 5' N. a very marked change is apparent 

 in the character of the Cretaceous strata, the denudation which has 

 taken place in the lower portion of Wadi Qena having, however, 

 removed all traces of the stages in the process. In the section 

 developed in Gebel Abu Had, 25 miles north-east of Qena, only the 

 Danian and Campanian beds are present as fossiliferous strata, 

 and these immediately overlie the Nubian Sandstones, in which no 

 fossil-bearing layers have been noted. A typical section in Wadi 

 Hammama, 25 miles east-north-east of Qena, is as follows : — 



Thickness in metres. 



Top. j 1. Biscuit-coloured limestone "j 



Danian ... ~' G'-een shales . ... ... .... I U2 



6. Yellow limestones and Pecten-jarajrensts l or 

 [ P. mayer-eymari Marls J 



Campanian... 4. Hard bluish crystalline limestone with many 

 cephalopoda (Ptychoceras sp., Anisoceras sp., 

 and B acuities syriacus Conr.) : elsewhere, 

 as near Qosseir, represented by beds with 

 Trigonoarca multidentata R. B. Newton and 

 Ostrea villei. 



5. Bone-bed containing many teeth of Otodus auri- 



culatws Ag., Galeocerdo sp. 



6. Oyster-limestone. 



These Danian and Campanian strata, as shown in the Egyptian 

 Geological Survey Memoir on the Eastern Desert (by T. Barron 

 & W. F. Hume, 1902), are very widely distributed in the area 

 between the Nile Valley and the Eed Sea, from latitudes 25° to 

 28° N. They form part of a Cretaceous facies, which is in addition 

 characterized by the total absence of fossiliferous Turonian and 

 Cenomanian members. 



IV. The Danian Extension in Eastern Egypt. 



A further change in Cretaceous characteristics from north to 

 south is displayed by the Danian strata, which I have now examined 

 over wide areas from the Southern Galala Hills to Kharga Oasis. In 

 the region bounding Wadi Qena this series consists of a vast 

 thickness of white chalk, which is remarkably unfossiliferous in 

 its higher portions. Near the base are scattered individuals of 

 Ostrea vesicularis Goldf., Pecten farafrensis Zitt. (P. mayer-eymari, 

 H. B. Newt.) being also irregularly distributed. The only other 

 fossils noted were small Baculites and Terebratulina. At the ex- 

 treme base is a layer composed of a large form of Ostrea vesicularis 

 var. judaica, which is present at times in great numbers. Very 



1 See M. Blanckenhorn, ' Neues zur Geologie & Palaontologie iEgyptens ' 

 .Zeitschr. Deutsch. Geol. Gesellsch. vol. lii (1900) p. 411 ; and J. Wanner, 

 Paleeontographica, vol. xxx (1902) p. 114 & pi. xvii, figs. 1-3. Compare with 

 R. B. Newton (P. mayer-eymari), Geol. Mag. dec. 4, vol. v (1898) p. 535. 



