216 MISS B. K. WATNEY AND MISS E. G. WELCH ON THE [May 191 I, 



The general structure of the district at the present day is 

 complex. Originally, there was probably simple folding which 

 was subsequently affected by faulting. Most of the Cautley area 

 is occupied by the Wandale-Hill syncline with a north-by-east 

 and south-by-west axis, and the Bluecaster syncline having a 

 north-north-east and south-south-west axis ; these are separated 

 by the Murthwaite-Park anticline, which passes into the Sally-Beck 

 fault close to Narthwaite. 



In both cases half only of the syncline remains. The Sally -Beck 

 fault has cut out the north-western limb of the Bluecaster syn- 

 cline, and the western part of the Wandale-Hill syncline has 

 been faulted out by the Wandale-Hill fault, which has thrown 

 down the Upper Wenlock and Ludlow Beds against the Stockdale 

 and Coniston Limestone Series. 



Numerous other small faults intersect the area, which are easily 

 traced by zonal mapping. 



Though exposures are well seen in many streams, yet no section 

 shows the complete succession through the Salopian. Throughout 

 the area the Wenlock and Ludlow strata differ markedly in their 

 lithological characters : the former may be described as banded 

 argillaceous flags, while the Ludlow rocks are tough, micaceous, 

 sandy flags interstratified with unfossiliferous bands of grit. 



Literature. 



The Salopian rocks of this district have been briefly described in 

 ' The Geology of the Country around Kendal, Sedbergh, Bowness, 

 & Tebay' Mem. Geol. Surv. 1888, in which a classification into 

 two groups is made: (1) Coniston Mags, and (2) Coniston Grits. 



' The Geology of the Country around Mallerstang,' Mem. Geol. 

 Surv. 1891, deals more particularly with the Cautley and Howgill 

 area. The conformable relation of the Coniston Flags and the 

 Stockdale Shales and the lithological characters of the beds are 

 described. Monor/raptus priodon and M. colorms are recorded from 

 the Coniston Flags, and M. colonus from the Coniston Grits. 

 Unidentified graptolites are said to occur in the Bannisdale Slates. 



The most important paper from our point of view is by Dr. Marr,' 

 on the Wenlock and Ludlow strata of the Lake District, in w^hich 

 he divides the rocks into the following zones : — 



Lowek 



Bannisdale Slates. Zone of Monograptus leintwardinensis. 



Ludlow. | Uppt^CofdweU Beds. } Zone of Monograptus bohemicus. 



Middle Coldwell Beds. Zone of Phacops obtusicaudatus. 



Lower Coldwell Beds. { ? 0ne ° p f Monograptus nihsonip) 



[ Zone or / Oyrtograptus carruthen 



Brathay Flags. Zone of Oyrtograptus murchisoni. 



1 Geol. Mag. dec. 3, vol. ix (1892) p. 534. 



