10 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Harz (Jahresber. Miinchen. Thierarzneisch. for 1877-78, 125) in the final 

 report by Winslow et al. Erythrohacillus Fortineau (Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. 

 Paris, 58, 1905, 104) is used by Winslow et al. (1920) but was not accepted 

 in the first and following editions of the IVIanual as it is a synonym of the 

 older Serratia Bizio (1823). Moreover, the species which must be accepted 

 as type for the genus {Erythrohacillus pyosepticus Fortineau (monotypy)) 

 is a species which has been reported by Breed (Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 117) 

 to be a variant of the older Serratia marcescens. 



One of the most unsatisfactory portions of recent classifications, such as 

 those outlined by Buchanan (1917-18) and by Winslow et al. (1917), is 

 the treatment given the organisms of the coliform-dysentery-typhoid group 

 in that the term Bacterium is retained for these as suggested by Orla- 

 Jensen (1909). A strict limitation of Bacterium to this group gives it a still 

 different meaning from that which it had had in previous and current 

 classifications, and makes it necessary to find some other place for many 

 other species of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods, some of which are 

 well known and well described. The relationships of these miscellaneous 

 species to other non-spore-forming rods is frequently poorly understood. 

 In some cases, further study will probably show that thej'' should be placed 

 in well known and currently recognized genera. In others, further study 

 will probably show that some of these species of non-spore-forming rods 

 should be grouped in new genera. 



Winslow et al. (1920) recognized this situation and broadened their defini- 

 tion of Bacterium thereby placing such w^ll known species as are included 

 in the colon-dysentery-typhoid group with other species of non-spore-form- 

 ing rods of quite a different character. For this reason, partial use was 

 made in the first edition of the Manual of the numerous generic terms newly 

 proposed by Castellani and Chalmers (Manual of Tropical Medicine, 3rd 

 ed., 1919). Thus the following new terms were introduced: Alcaligenes, 

 Salmonella, Escherichia and Encapsulatus; and the earlier terais Aerohacter 

 Beijerinck (1900) and Eberthella Buchanan (1918). Later it was found that 

 Encapsulatus was a synon3^m of Klebsiella Trevisan (1887), so that the latter 

 term was accepted in the second and subsequent editions of the Manual. 

 Shigella Castellani and Chalmers was recognized as distinct from Eberthella 

 in the third and subsequent editions. 



Many of the new terms suggested by Castellani and Chalmers were, 

 however, synonyms of earlier valid terms or have not been considered 

 necessary, and so they have not come into general use. These are Nigro- 

 coccus, Graciloides, Cloaca, Eberthus, Dysenteroides, Lankoides, Wesenbergus, 

 Balkanella and Enter oides. No new generic terms are given by Castellani 

 and Chalmers in their later report (Ann. Inst. Past., 34, 1920, 600). 



