SURVEY OF CLASSIFICATIONS OP BACTERIA 7 



Landwirte, Berlin, 1890) were those in conventional use at the time and 

 many of them continue in use. Two new terms were introduced for motile 

 types in his second outline (Ai'b. Bact. Inst. Karlsruhe, 1, 1894, 235) and 

 are also found in his later outlines (Engler and Prantl, Die natiirlichen 

 Pflanzenfamilien, 1, la, 1895, 29, and System der Bakterien, 1, 1897, 46, 

 and 2, 1900, 269 and 275) which have not been generally felt to be necessary 

 by subsequent authors. These are Planococcus and Planosarcina. Spiro- 

 soma introduced by Migula in 1894 and Rhabochromatium Winogradsky ac- 

 cepted by Migula in 1900 are like^\ise no longer generally used. Newskia 

 (original spelling Nevskia Famintzen, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg, 

 34 (N.S. 2), 1892, 484) has recently been revived by Henrici and Johnson 

 (Jour. Bact., 29, 1935, 3 and 30, 1935, 83). The generic term Microspira 

 Schroeter, accepted by Migula in 1894, is still frequently accepted in place 

 of Vibrio as many regard it as having a better status than the later term. 



The term Pseudomonas was first proposed for polar flagellate bacteria by 

 Migula in his 1894 outline with reference to but a single species, Pseudo- 

 monas violacea, an organism which later investigators have shown to be 

 peritrichous (Cruess-Callaghan and Gorman, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc, 

 21, 1935, 213). Pseudomonas was repeated in the 1895 outline with 

 descriptions of Pseudomonas pyocyanea and other species. Later authors 

 have generally accepted the term Pseudomonas as valid. 



Fischer (Jahrb. f. mssensch. Bot., Berlin, 27, 1895, 1) introduced a 

 logical outline classification in which he proposed various new terms which 

 have never come into general use. These are Paracloster, Paraplectrum, 

 Arthrobader, Bactrinium, Clostrinium, Plectrinium, Arthrobactrinium, 

 Bactrillum, Clostrillium, Plectrillium, Arthrobactrillium, Badridium, Plec- 

 tridium, Dipledridium, and Arthrobadridium. In his modified classifica- 

 tion (Vorlesungen iiber Bakterien, 1897), he also accepts Pediococcus 

 Balcke, a term that has fallen into disuse except in the brewing indus- 

 try. 



In the conservative classification proposed bj'' Lehmann and Neumann 

 (Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie, 2 vols., 1896, Miinchen), inter- 

 nationally accepted rules of nomenclature were followed. All of the generic 

 terms employed by them are still in current use, their most important 

 contribution being their acceptance of the suggestion that the genus 

 Bacillus be separated from the genus Baderium on the basis of endospore 

 formation by the rods included in Bacillus. Two new genera were proposed 

 {Corynebaderium and Mycobacterium) that have been generally accepted 

 by later workers. 



No new generic terms are proposed by Chester either in his preliminarj'^ 

 reports (Delaware College of Agriculture, 9th Ann. Kept., 1897, 53 and 62; 



