52 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



(d) To indicate, if possible, by the formation or ending of the name the affinities 



or analogies of the genus 



(e) To avoid adjectives used as nouns. 



(f ) Not to give a genus a name whose form is rather that of a subgenus or section 



(e.g. Eusideroxylon, a name given to a genus of Lauraceae. This, however, 

 being legitimate, cannot be altered). 



(g) Not to make names by combining words from different languages {nomina 



hyhrida). 



4. Names of Species (binary names). 



Art. 27. Names of species are binary combinations consisting of the name of the 

 genus followed by a single specific epithet. If an epithet consists of two or more 

 words, these must either be united into one or joined by a hyphen. Symbols forming 

 part of specific epithets proposed by Linnaeus must be transcribed. 



The specific epithet, when adjectival in form and not used as a substantive, agrees 

 with the generic names. 



Recommen dalions : 



XIII. The specific epithet should, in general, give some indication of the appear- 

 ance, the characters, the origin, the history or the properties of the species. If taken 

 from the name of a person it usually recalls the name of the one who discovered or de- 

 scribed it, or was in some way concerned with it. 



XIV. Names of men and women, and also of countries and localities used as spe- 

 cific epithets, may be substantives in the genitive (Clusii, saharae) or adjectives 

 (Clusiamis, dahitricus) . It will be well, in the future, to avoid the use of the genitive 

 and the adjectival form of the same epithet to designate two different species of the 

 same genus: e.g. Lysimachia Hemsleyana Maximum. (1891), and L. Hci tsleyi Franch. 

 (1895). 



XV. In forming specific epithets botanists will do well to have regard also to the 

 following recommendations: 



(a) To avoid those which are very long and difficult to pronounce. 



(b) To avoid those which express a character common to all, or nearly all, the 



species of a genus. 



(c) To avoid using the names of little-known or very restricted localities, unless 



the species is quite local. 



(d) To avoid, in the same genus, epithets which are very much alike, especially 



those which differ only in their last letters. 



(e) Not to adopt unpublished names found in travellers' notes or in herbaria, 



attributing them to their authors, unless these have approved publication. 



(f) Not to name a species after a person who has neither discovered, nor de- 



scribed, nor figured, nor in any way studied it. 



(g) To avoid epithets which have been used before in any closely-allied genus, 

 (h) To avoid specific epithets formed of two or more (hyphened) words. 



(i) To avoid epithets which have the same meaning as the generic name 

 (pleonasm). 



Section 5. Conditions of Effective Publication (Art. 36) 



Art. 36. Publication is effected, under these Rules, either by sale or distribution 

 of printed matter or indelible autographs to the general public, or to specified repre- 

 sentative botanical institutions. 



No other kind of publication is accepted as effective : communication of new names 

 at a public meeting, or the placing of names in collections or gardens open to the pub- 

 lic, does not constitute effective publication. 



