54 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



XXIX. Separate copies should always bear the pagination of the periodical of 

 which they form a part; if desired they may also bear a special pagination. 



Section 7. Citation of Authors' Names for Purposes of 

 Precision {Art. 46-49, Rec. XXX-XXXII) 



Art. 46. For the indication of the name (unitary, binary, or ternary) of a group 

 to be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be readily verified it is 

 necessary to cite the author who first published the name in question. 



Art. 47. An alteration of the diagnostic characters or of the circumscription of a 

 group does not warrant the citation of an author other than the one who first pub- 

 lished its name. 



When the changes have been considerable, an indication of their nature and of this 

 author responsible for the change is added, the words mutatis charact., or pro parte, 

 or excl. gen., excl. sp., excl. var., or some other abridged indication being employed. 



Art. 48. When a name of a taxonomic group has been proposed but not published 

 by one author, and is subsequently validly published and ascribed to him (or her) 

 by another author who supplied the description, the name of the latter author must 

 be appended to the citation with the connecting word "ex." 



If it is desirable or necessary to abbreviate such a citation, the name of the publish- 

 ing author, being the more important, must be retained. 



When a name and description by one author are published by another author, the 

 word apud is used to connect the names of the two authors, except where the name of 

 the second author forms part of the title of a book or periodical in which case the con- 

 necting word in is used instead. 



Art. 49. When a genus or a group of lower rank is altered in rank but retains its 

 name or epithet, the original author must be cited in parenthesis, followed by the 

 name of the author who effected the alteration. The same holds when a subdivision 

 of a genus, a species, or a group of lower rank is transferred to another genus or species 

 with or without alteration of rank. 



Section 8. Retention of Names or Epithets of Groups which 

 are Remodelled or Divided {Art. 60-52) 



Art. 50. An alteration of the diagnostic characters, or of the circumscription of a 

 group, does not warrant a change in its name, except in so far as this may be neces- 

 sitated (1) by transference of the group (Art. 53-55), or (2) by its union with another 

 group of the same rank (Art. 56-57), or (3) by a change of its rank (Art. 58). 



Art. 51. When a genus is divided into two or more genera, the generic name must 

 be retained for one of them, or (if it has not been retained) must be re-established. 

 When a particular species was originally designated as the type, the generic name 

 must be retained for the genus including that species. When no type was designated, 

 a type must be chosen according to the regulations which will be given (Appendix I).* 



Art. 52. When a species is divided into two or more species, the specific epithet 

 must be retained for one of them, or (if it has not been retained) must be re-estab- 

 lished. When a particular specimen was originally designated as the type, the spe- 

 cific epithet must be retained for the species including that specimen. When no type 

 was designated, a type must be chosen according to the regulations to be given (Ap- 

 pendix I). 



* Appendix I has not been published as yet. See Type Basis Code, p. 61. 



