RULES OP NOMENCLATUEE 55 



Section 9. Retention of Names or Epithets of Groups Below the Rank 

 of Genus on Transference to Another Genus or Species (Art. 5S-55) 



Art. 53. When a subdivision of a genus is transferred to another genus (or placed 

 under another generic name for the same genus) without change of rank, its subdivi- 

 sional name must be retained, or (if it has not been retained) must be re-established 

 unless one of the following obstacles exists: (1) that the resulting association of names 

 has been previously published validly for a different subdivision, or (2) that there is 

 available an earlier validly published sub-divisional name of the same rank. 



Art. 54. When a species is transferred to another genus (or placed under another 

 generic name for the same genus), without change of rank, the specific epithet must 

 be retained or (if it has not been retained) must be re-established, unless one of the 

 following obstacles exists: (1) that the resulting binary name has been previously and 

 validly published for a different species, (2) that there is available an earlier validly 

 published specific epithet. 



"When, on transference to another genus, the specific epithet has been applied 

 erroneously in its new position to a different plant, the new combination must be 

 retained for the plant on which the epithet was originally based, and must be attrib- 

 uted to the author who first published it." (Accepted in this revised form at the Am- 

 sterdam Botanical Congress, 1935.) 



Art. 55. When a variety or other subdivision of a species is transferred, without 

 change of rank, to another genus or species (or placed under another generic or spe- 

 cific name for the same genus or species), the original subdivisional epithet must be 

 retained or (if it has not been retained) must be re-established, unless one of the 

 following obstacles exists: (1) that the resulting ternary combination has been previ- 

 ously and validly published for a subdivision based on a different type, even if that 

 subdivision is of a different rank; (2) that there is an earlier validly published sub- 

 divisional epithet available. 



When the epithet of a subdivision of a species, on transference to another species, 

 has been applied erroneouslj' in its new position to a different plant, the epithet must 

 be retained for the plant on which the group was originally based. 



Example: The variety micranthum Gren. & Godf. (Fl. France, i, 171 : 1847) of Heli- 

 anthemum italicum Pers., when transferred, as a variety to H. penicillatum Thib., 

 retains its varietal epithet, becoming H. penicillatum var. micranthum (Gren. & 

 Godr.) Grosser (in Engl. Pflanzenreich, Heft 14, 115: 1903). 



Section 10. Choice of Names when Two Groups of the Same Rank are 



United, or in Fungi with a Pleomorphic Life-cycle 



{Art. 56, 57, Rec. XXXIII-XXXV) 



Art. 56. When two or more groups of the same rank are united, the oldest legiti- 

 mate name or (in species and their subdivisions) the oldest legitimate epithet is re- 

 tained. If the names or epithets are of the same date, the author who unites the 

 groups has the right of choosing one of them. The author who first adopts one of 

 them, definitely treating another as a synonym or referring it to a subordinate group, 

 must be followed. 



Art. 57. Among Fungi with a pleomorphic life-cycle the different successive 

 states of the same species {anamorphoses, status) can bear only one generic and spe- 

 cific name (binary), that is the earliest which has been given, starting from Fries, 

 Systema, or Fries, Synopsis, to the state containing the form which it has been agreed 

 to call the perfect form, provided that the name is otherwise in conformity with the 

 Rules. The perfect state is that which ends in the ascus stage in the Ascomycetes, 



