56 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



in the basidium, in the Basidiomycetes, in the teleutospore or its equivalent in the 

 Uredinales, and in the spore in the Ustilaginales. 



Generic and specific names given to other states have only a temporary value. 

 They cannot replace a generic name already existing and applying to one or more 

 species, any one of which contains the "perfect" form. 



The nomenclature of Fungi which have not a pleomorphic life-cycle follows the 

 ordinary rules. 



Section 11. Choice of Names when the Rank of a Group is Changed 



Art. 58. When a tribe becomes a family, when a subgenus or section becomes a 

 genus, when a subdivision of a species becomes a species, or when the reverse of these 

 changes takes place, and in general when a group changes its rank, the earliest legiti- 

 mate epithet given to the group in its new rank is valid, unless that name or the result- 

 ing association or combination is a later homonym (see Art. 60, 61). 



Section 12. Rejection of Names {Art. 59-69, Rec. XXXVII) 



Art. 59. A name or epithet must not be rejected, changed, or modified merely 

 because it is badly chosen, or disagreeable, or because another is preferable or better 

 known (see also Art. 69). 



Art. 60. A name must be rejected if it is illegitimate (see Art. 2) . The publication 

 of an epithet in an illegitimate combination must not be taken into consideration for 

 purposes of priority, "e.xcept as indicated in Art. 61." (Added at the Amsterdam 

 Botanical Congress, 1935.) 



A name is illegitimate in the following cases: 



(1) If it was superfluous when published, i.e., if there was a valid name (see Art. 

 16) for the group to which it was applied, with its particular circumscription, position 

 and rank. 



(2) If it is a binary or ternary name published in contravention of Art. 16, 50, 52, 

 or 54, i.e., if its author did not adopt the earliest legitimate epithet available for the 

 group with its particular circumscription, position, and rank. 



(3) If it is a later homonym (see Art. 61) (except as regards Art. 54 and 55). 



(4) If it is a generic name which must be rejected under Art. 67. 



(5) If its specific epithet must be rejected under Art. 68. 



Art. 61. A name of a taxonomic group is illegitimate and must be rejected if it is a 

 later homonym, that is, if it duplicates a name previously and validly published for a 

 group of the same rank based on a different type. Even if the earlier homonj^m is 

 illegitimate, or is generally treated as a synonym on taxonomic grounds, the later 

 homonym must be rejected. "When an author simultaneously publishes the same 

 new name for more than one group, the first author who adopts one of them, or sub- 

 stitutes another name for one of them, must be followed." (Added at the Amsterdam 

 Botanical Congress, 1935.) 



Art. 62. A name of a taxonomic group must be rejected if, owing to its use with 

 different meanings, it becomes a permanent source of confusion or error. A list of 

 names to be abandoned for this reason {Nomina ambigua) will form Appendix IV.* 



Art. 63. A name of a taxonomic group must be rejected when its application is 

 uncertain {Nomendubium):e.g.,Ervumsoloniense'L. {Cent. II. PI. 28: 1756) is a name 

 the application of which is uncertain; it must, therefore, be rejected (see Schinz and 

 Thell in Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zurich, viii, 71: 1913). 



* Appendix IV has not been published as yet. 



