58 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



be regarded as distinct, even though differing by one letter only. This does not apply 

 to mere orthographic variants of the same name. 



Note 1. The words "original spelling" in this Article mean the spelling em- 

 ployed when the name was validly published. 



2. The use of a wrong connecting vowel or vowels (or the omission of a 



connecting vowel in a specific epithet, or in that of a subdivision of a 

 species) is treated as an unintentional orthographic error which may 

 be corrected (see Rec. XLIV). "The liberty of correcting a name 

 must be used with reserve, especially if the change affects the first 

 syllable, and above all the first letter of the name." (Added at the 

 Amsterdam Botanical Congress, 1935.) 



3. In deciding whether two or more slightly different names should be 



treated as distinct or as orthographical variants, the essential consid- 

 eration is whether they may be confused with one another or not: 

 if there is serious risk of confusion, they should be treated as ortho- 

 graphic variants. Doubtful cases should be referred to the Execu- 

 tive Committee. 



4. Specific and other epithets of Greek origin differing merely by having 



Greek and Latin terminations respectively are orthographic variants. 

 Epithets bearing the same meaning and differing only slightly in form 

 are (considered as) orthographic variants. The genitive and ad- 

 jectival forms of a personal name are, however, treated as different 

 epithets (e.g. Lysimachia Hemsleyana and L. Hemsleyi). 

 Recommendations : 



XXXVIII. When a new name is derived from a Greek word containing the spiri- 

 ius asper (rough breathing), this should be transcribed as the letter h. 



XXXIX. When a new name for a genus, subgenus or section is taken from the 

 name of a person, it should be formed in the following manner: — 



(a) When the name of the person ends in a vowel the letter a is added (thus Bou- 



teloua after Boutelou; Ottoa after Otto; Sloanea after Sloane), except when 

 the name already ends in a, when ea is added (e.g. Collaea after Colla). 



(b) When the name of the person ends in a consonant, the letters ia are added 



(e.g. Magnusia after Magnus, Ramondia after Ramond), except when the 

 name ends in er, when a is added (e.g. Kernera after Kerner). 



(c) The syllables which are not modified by these endings, retain their original 



spelling, even with the consonants k and w or with groupings of vowels 

 which were not used in classical Latin. Letters foreign to botanical Latin 

 should be transcribed, and diacritic signs suppressed. The Germanic 

 o, 6, il become ae, oe, ue; the French e, e, e become generally e. In works 

 in which diphthongs are not represented by special type, the diaeresis 

 sign should be used where required, e.g., Cephaelis, not Cephaelis. 



(d) Names may be accompanied by a prefix or a suffix, or modified by anagram 



or abbreviation. In these cases they count as different words from the 

 original name. 

 Examples: Durvillea and Urvillea; Lapeyrousea and Peyrousea; Englera, 

 Englerastrum and Englerella; Bouchea and Ubochea; Gerardia and 

 Graderia. 

 XL. When a new specific or other epithet is taken from the name of a man, it 

 should be formed in the following manner: — 



(a) When the name of the person ends in a vowel, the letter i is added (thus Gla- 

 zioui from Glaziou, Bureaui from Bureau), except when the name ends in 

 a, when e is added (thus balansae from Balansa). 



