78 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGT 



Distinctive characters : Grows in sub- 

 strates containing no organic matter and 

 produces a pellicle. 



Source : Isolated from mud, garden 

 soil, pasture land, vegetable mold, and 

 peat. 



Habitat: Presumably widely distrib- 

 uted in soil. 



3. Hydrogenomonas flava Niklewski. 

 (Jahrb. f. wissensch. Botanik., 48, 1910, 

 113; emend. Kluyver and Manten, 

 Antonie v. Leuwenhoek, 8, 1942, 71.) 

 From Latin flavus, yellow. 



Rods: 1.5 microns in length. Motility 

 by polar flagella. Gram-negative. 



Agar colonies on inorganic medium in 

 presence of H2, O2 and CO2: Small, 

 smooth, yellow, shining, adhering to 

 medium. Develop well below surface of 

 medium, but growth is paler. 



Gelatin not liquefied. 



Inorganic liquid medium in presence of 

 Hj, O2, and CO2: No pellicle formation. 

 Good development when there is from 2 

 to 8 per cent oxygen in the gas . At higher 

 O2 concentrations good growth occurs 



only in association with H. viirea or other 

 bacteria. 



Oxidizes hydrogen to water. 



Microaerophilic, growing in an atmos- 

 phere of low oxygen tension, not exceed- 

 ing 8 per cent. 



Facultative autotroph. 



Distinctive characters : Found singly 

 on slides whereas the rod-shaped cells of 

 Hydrogenomonas vitrea tend to cling to- 

 gether in masses. Colonies on agar 

 opaque, not transparent. 



Source : Same as H. vitrea. 



Habitat : Presumably widely distrib- 

 uted in soil. 



Appendix : Incompletely described 

 species are found in the literature as 

 follows : 



Hydrogenomonas agilis Niklewski. 

 (Jubliaumsschrift f. Prof. E. Godlewski. 

 Kosmos, Lemberg, 1913; See Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., W, 1914, 430.) From 

 soil. 



Hydrogenomonas minor Niklewski. 

 (Jubliaumsschrift f. Prof. E. Godlewski. 

 Kosmos, Lemberg, 1913; See Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 40, 1914, 431.) From soil. 



TRIBE III. THIOBACILLEAE BERGEY, BREED AND MURRAY. 



(Preprint, IVIanual, 5th ed., Oct., 1938, v.) 



Organisms capable of deriving their energy from oxidation of sulfur or sulfur com- 

 pounds. Most species do not grow on organic media. 



Genus I. Thiobacillus Beijerinck. 



(Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 11, 1904, 593; Sulfomonas Orla-Jensen, Cent, f . 

 Bakt., II Abt., 22, 1909, 314; not Thiobacillus Ellis, Sulphur bacteria, London, 1932, 

 130; Thiobacterium Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 7 Aufl., 2, 1927, 517; not 

 Thiobacteri^im Janke, Allgemeine Tech. MikrobioL, 1, 1924, 68, Leipzig.) 



Small Gram-negative, rod-shaped cells. Non-motile or motile by means of a single 

 polar flagellum. Derive their energy from the oxidation of incompletely oxidized 

 sulfur compounds, principally from elemental sulfur and thiosulfate but in some cases 

 also from sulfide, sulfite, and polythionates. The principal product of oxidation is 

 sulfate, but sulfur is sometimes formed. They grow under acid or alkaline conditions 

 and derive their carbon from carbon dioxide or from bicarbonates in solution; some 

 are obligate and some facultative autotrophic. One species is facultative anaerobic. 

 From Greek theion, sulfur and Latin bacillus, a small rod. 

 The type species is Thiobacillus thioparus Beijerinck. 



