FAMILY NITROBACTERIACEAE 



81 



lum (Tjulpanova-Mossevitch, Arch. d. 

 Sci. Biol., U.S.S.R., 30, 1930, 203). 



Inorganic liquid medium : Growth witli 

 production of gas, predominantly nitro- 

 gen. 



Thiosulfate agar medium : Colonies 

 thin, clear, or weakly opalescent. 



Optimum reaction : Neutral or slightly 

 alkaline. 



Autotrophic, utilizing carbon from CO2, 

 carbonates and bicarbonates. Consid- 

 ered to be strictly autotrophic by Lieske 

 (Ber. d. deutsch. botan. Gesell., 30, 1912, 

 12.) and facultative by Tjulpanova- 

 Mossevitch {loc.cit.). Beijerinck stated 

 (Kon. Akad. v. Wetenschappen Amster- 

 dam, 4£, 1920, 899) that whereas the 

 organism developed initially in an in- 

 organic medium, it lost the autotrophic 

 habit by cultivation in an organic me- 

 dium. 



Facultative anaerobic or even micro- 

 aerophilic. Can live in the absence of 

 free O2 in the presence of nitrate. 



Distinctive characters: Oxidizes thio- 

 sulfate to sulfate under anaerobic con- 

 ditions using nitrate a.s the hydrogen 

 acceptor which is reduced to N2. Also 

 oxidizes sulfide, elemental sulfur, and 

 dithionatel 



Habitat : Canal and river water, salt 

 water, soil, peat, composts and mud. 



Appendix: The following species have 

 been placed in Thiobucilhis or are re- 

 garded as belonging to the genus : 



Thiobacillus concretivorus Parker. 

 (Austral. Jour. Exper. Biol, and Med. 

 Sci., 23, 1945, SI.) From corroded 

 concrete sewers. Similar to or identical 



witli Thiobacillus thiooxidans Waksman 

 and JofTe. 



Thiobacillus crenalus Emoto. (Proc. 

 Imp. Acad. Tokyo, 5, 1929, 149.) Iso- 

 lated from mud of hot springs in Japan. 

 See description. Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 

 84. Almost identical with Thiobacillus 

 thiooxidans Waksman and Joffe. 



Thiobacillus lobatus Emoto {loc. 

 cit., p. 148). Source and relationships as 

 above. See description, Manual, 5th ed., 

 1939, 83. 



Thiobacillus thermilanus Emoto. 

 (Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 42, 1928, 422.) 

 Source and relationships as above. See 

 description. Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 83. 



Thiobacillus trautweinii Bergey et al. 

 See Flavobacterium appendix. 



Thiobacillus umbonatus Emoto {loc. 

 oil., p. 150). Source and relationships as 

 above. See description, Manual, 5th 

 ed., 1939,84. 



Thiobaclerium beijerinckii Issat- 

 chenko and Salimowskaja. (Zur Mor- 

 phologie u. Physiol, der Thionsaure- 

 bakterien (Russian with German 

 abstract), Izyiestia Gosud. Gidrobiol. 

 Inst., No. 21, 1928, 61.) From salt seas in 

 Russia. Similar to or identical with 

 Thiobacillus thioparus Beijerinck. 



Thiobaclerium beijerinckii var. jacob- 

 senii Issatschenko and Salimowskaja {loc. 

 cil.). Variety of previously mentioned 

 species. 



Thiobaclerium nalhansonii Issat- 

 chenko and Salimowskaja {loc. cil.). 

 From salt seas in Russia. Similar to or 

 identical with Thiobacillus thioparus 

 Beijerinck. 



