FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



99 



Litmus milk : Unchanged. 

 Potato : Diffuse, brownish layer. Me- 

 dium acquires a grayish-blue color. 

 Indole is not formed. 

 Nitrites produced from nitrates. 

 Acid from glucose. 

 Blood serum liquefied. 

 Aerobic, facultative. 

 Optimum temperature 25°C. 

 Not pathogenic. 

 Habitat : Water. 



29. Pseudomonas putrefaciens (Derbj^ 

 and Hammer) Long and Hammer. 

 (Achromobacter putrefaciens Derby and 

 Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Res. Bui. 

 145, 1931, 401; Long and Hammer, Jour. 

 Bact., 41, 1941, 100.) From Latin, 

 piiirida, rotten, stinking; faciens, mak- 

 ing. 



Rods: 0.5 to 1.0 by 1.1 to 4.0 microns, 

 occurring singly and in pairs. Motile, 

 with a single flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab : Rapid, saccate to strati- 

 form liquefaction, with reddish-brown 

 sediment in the liquefied portion. 



Agar colony : Circular, smooth, glisten- 

 ing, slightly raised, somewhat trans- 

 parent, with brownish tinge. 



Agar slant : Echinulate, slightly red- 

 dish-brown, viscous. 



Broth : Turbid, with thin, gray pellicle, 

 and reddish-brown sediment. 



Litmus milk : Rapid reduction and 

 proteolysis with odor of putrefaction. 



Potato : Echinulate, smooth, glistening, 

 viscous, reddish-brown. 



Indole not produced. 



Nitrites are produced from nitrates. 



Acid from maltose and sucrose. No 

 action on glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 arabinose, lactose, raffinose, dextrin, 

 inulin, salicin, amygdalin, glycerol. 



Ammonia is formed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 21°C. 



Source : Isolated from tainted butter. 



Habitat : IVIilk, cream, butter, water, 

 soil, creamery equipment (Long and 

 Hammer, loc. cit. ; Claydon and Hammer, 



Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta., Res. Bull. 267, 

 1939.) 



30. Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon 

 and Hammer. (Jour. Bact., 37, 1939, 254.) 

 From Latin, mephitis, pestilential, malo- 

 dorous; M.L. Mephitis, a generic name. 



Rods : 0.5 to 1.0 by 1.5 to 14.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in chains. 

 Actively motile with a polar flagellum. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Convex, circular, about 

 3 mm. in diameter, shiny, grayish white, 

 edge entire, of the consistency of bread 

 dough. 



Agar slant : Growth grayish-white, 

 wrinkled, echinulate. After 1 or 2 days, 

 a skunk-like odor develops. 



Broth: Turbid. Sediment. White 

 pellicle. 



Potato: Growth echinulate, shiny, 

 brownish. 



Litmus milk: A skunk-like odor devel- 

 ops in 1 to 2 days. Grayish blue surface 

 ring in about 3 days. Alkaline in 7 to 10 

 daj's. In two weeks complete reduction. 

 Slight proteoh^sis and viscosity. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid but not gas produced slowly from 

 glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose. 

 No acid from arabinose, dextrin, galac- 

 tose, glycerol, lactose, mannitol, raffinose 

 or salicin. 

 Aerobic, facultative. 

 Optimum temperature 21°C. Growth 

 slight at 5° and 30°C. No growth at 37°C. 

 Source : Several cultures isolated from 

 butter having a skunk-like odor. 

 Habitat : Probably from water. 



31. Pseudomonas geniculata (Wright) 

 Chester. {Bacillus geniculatus Wright, 

 Memoirs Nat. Acad. Sci., 7, 1895, 459; 

 Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 313; 

 Achromobacter geniculatum Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 146.) From Latin, 



