FAMILY PSEUDOMOXADACEAE 



137 



1941, 143; Phytomonas caryophylli, 

 Burkholder, ibid.) From M. L. Caryo- 

 phyllus, an old generic name. 



Rods: 0.35 to 0.95 by 1.05 to 3.18 mi- 

 crons. At times slightly curved. Motile 

 with 1 to several polar flagella. Fre- 

 quently bipolar. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction after 3 to 4 

 weeks. 



Potato glucose agar colonies: 3 to 4 

 mm in diameter, circular, smooth, glis- 

 tening, edges entire. Color is tan to gray 

 mauve. Old culture dark brown. Con- 

 sistency butj^rous. 



Broth: Turbid with a white sediment. 



Milk: Litmus slowly becomes blue. 

 Slight reduction at bottom of tube. No 

 clearing. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. Also 

 ammonia and gas are produced in a 

 synthetic nitrate medium. Asparagine, 

 KXO3 and XH4H2PO4 can be utilized. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide not formed. 



Lipolytic action slight to moderate. 



Acid from 1-arabino.se, d-xylose, rham- 

 nose, glucose, d-galactose, fructose, d- 

 lactose, maltose, and sucrose, glj'cerol, 

 mannitol, and salicin. Alkali with so- 

 dium salts of acetic, citric, formic, hip- 

 puric, lactic, malic, maleic, succinic and 

 tartaric acid. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 30° to 33°C. 

 Maximum 46°C. Minimum 5^C. or less. 



Slight growth in broth plus 3.5 per cent 

 salt. 



Source: Isolated first by L. K. Jones 

 and later by W. H. Burkholder from 

 dying carnation plants from Spokane, 

 Washington. Twelve isolates used in 

 description. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on roots and 

 stalks of the carnation, Dianthus caryo- 

 phylliis. 



126. Pseudomonas solanacearum Erw. 



Smith. (Bacillus solanacearum Erw. 

 Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Veg. Phys. 

 and Path., Bui. 12, 1896, 10; Bacterium 



solanacearum Chester, Ann. Kept. Del. 

 Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 73; Erw. 

 Smith, Bacteria in Relation to Plant 

 Diseases, S, 1914, 178; Phytomonas so- 

 lanacearum Bergej' et al., ^Manual, 1st 

 ed., 1923, 186.) From L. solanum night- 

 shade; AI. L. Solanaceae, a plant famih'. 



Probable synonyms: Elliott (Bact. 

 Plant Pathogens, 1930, 203) lists the 

 following: Bacillus nicotianae Uyeda, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 13, 1904, 327; 

 Bacillus sesami Malkoff and Pseudo- 

 monas sesami Malkoff, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 16, 1906, 664; Bacillus rnusae 

 Rorer, Phytopath., 1, 1911, 45; Bacillus 

 tnusaru?n Zeman, Rev. Facul. Agr. L'niv., 

 La Plat, 14. 1921, 17; Erwinia nicotianae 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 172; 

 Phytomonas ricini Archibald, Trop. Agr., 

 Trinidad, 4, 1927, 124. 



Description taken from Elliott {loc. 

 cit.). 



Rods: 0.5 to 1.5 microns. Motile with 

 a polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Xakata (Jour. Sci. Agr. Soc. 

 Tokyo, 294, 1927, 216) states there are 

 two forms, one of which shows slight 

 liquefaction. The other shows no lique- 

 faction. 



Agar colonies: Small, irregular, round- 

 ish, smooth, wet-shining, opalescent, 

 becoming brown. 



Broth: Slight pellicle. Broth turns 

 brown . 



]Milk : Cleared without precipitation 

 of casein. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced (Burk- 

 holder). 



Glucose, sucrose, glycerol, sodium 

 citrate, peptone, tyrosine, asparagine and 

 glutanic acid are utilized (Mushin, Aus- 

 tral. Jour. Expt. Biol, and Med., 16, 

 1938, 325). 



Nitrogen sources utilized are ammonia, 

 nitrates (KNO3) asparagine, tyrosine, 

 peptone and glutamic acid, but not potas- 

 sium nitrite (Mushin, loc. cit.). 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



