FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



153 



al., IManual, 1st ed., 1923, 179; Dowson, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.) 

 From L. prunus, plum; M. L. Primus, a 

 generic name. 



Probable synonym : Phytoinonas cerasi 

 wraggi Sackett, Col. Agr. Exp. Sta. Rept., 

 S8, 1925, 17; Pseudomonas cerasi wraggi, 

 ibid.; Bacterium cerasi wraggi Elliott, 

 Bact. Plant Pathogens, 1930, 111. 



Description from Dunegan, U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Tech. Bull. 273, 1932, 23. 



Rods : 0.2 to 0.4 by 0.8 to 1.0 microns. 

 Capsules. Motile with a polar flagellum. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Beef -extract agar colonies: Yellow, 

 circular, smooth, convex, edges entire. 



Broth : Turbid becoming viscid. 



Milk : Precipitation of casein and 

 digestion. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced. Hy- 

 drogen sulfide produced (Burkholder). 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Acid from arabinose, xylose, glucose, 

 fructose, galactose, mannose, maltose, 

 lactose, sucrose, raffinose, melezitose. 



Starch is hydrolyzed (slight). 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 24° to 29 °C. 

 Maximum 37 °C. 



Source : Smith isolated the pathogen 

 from Japanese plums. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on plum {Prumis 

 salicina), peach {P. persica), apricot 

 (P. armenicca) , etc. 



3. Xanthomonas vitians (Brown) Starr 

 and Weiss. (Bacterium vitians Brown, 

 Jour. Agr. Res., 13, 1918, 379 ; Phytomonas 

 vitians Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 183; Pseudomonas vitians Stapp, 

 in Sorauer, Handb. d. Pflanzenkrank., 

 2, 5 Aufl., 1928, 287; Starr and Weiss, 

 Phytopath., 33, 1943, 316.) From Latin, 

 vitians, injuring, infecting. 



Rods: Motile with bipolar flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Slow liquefaction. 



Beef -extract agar colonies: Circular, 

 smooth, thin, cream to cream-yellow. 



Broth : Turbid with yellow ring. 



Milk: Clears and turns alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole: Feeble production. 



Hydrogen sulfide : Feeble production. 



Acid but not gas from glucose. 



Starch : Feeble hydrolysis. 



Optimum temperature 26° to 28 °C. 

 Maximum 35 °C. Minimum 0°C. 



Aerobic. 



Source : Isolated from the stem of 

 diseased lettuce plants from South 

 Carolina. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on lettuce, Lac- 

 tvca sativa. 



4. Xanthomonas beticola (Smith, 

 Brown and Townsend) comb. nov. {Bac- 

 terium beticolum Smith, Brown and 

 Townsend, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant 

 Ind., Bui. 213, 1911, 194; Pseudomonas 

 beticola Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 

 224; Phytomonas beticola Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 182.) From Latin, 

 beta, beet; -cola, dweller. 



Description from Brown, Jour. Agr. 

 Res., 37, 192S, 167, where the species is 

 referred to as Bacterium beticola (Smith, 

 Brown and Townsend) Potebnia. 



Rods: 0.4 to 0.8 by 0.6 to 2.0 microns. 

 Motile with 1 to 4 polar flagella. Cap- 

 sules. Gram-variable. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Beef-agar slants : Moderate filiform 

 growth, flat, glistening, yellow. 



Broth : Turbid, yellow ring, abundant 

 sediment. 



Milk: Coagulation and peptonization. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid from glucose, sucrose, maltose, 

 mannitol. No acid from lactose. 



Starch hydrolysis feeble. 



Optimum temperature 29 °C. Maxi- 

 mum 39°C. Minimum 1.5°C. 



