FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



155 



produced from salts of malonic, citric, 

 malic, and succinic acids. Rhamnose, 

 salicin and hippuric acid salts not 

 utilized. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Aerobic. 



Distinctive characters : Similar to 

 Xanthomonas campestris but does not 

 infect cabbage, cauliflower or horseradish. 



Source : From black rot of winter cress, 

 Barbarea vulgaris. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on leaves and 

 stems of Barbarea vulgaris. 



8. Xanthomonas begoniae (Takimoto) 

 Dowson. {Bacterium begoniae Takimoto, 

 Jour. Plant. Protect., 21, 1934, 262; 

 Pseudomonas begoniae Stapp, Arbeiten 

 Biol. Reichsanst. f. Land- und Forstw., 

 22, 1938, 392; Phytomonas begoniae Burk- 

 holder, in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 162; 

 Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 

 1939, 190.) From M. L. Begonia, a 

 generic name. 



Probable synonyms : Bacterium be- 

 goniae Buchwald noni. nud., Gartner- 

 Tidende, ^5, 1933, 1 ; Phytomonas flava 

 begoniae Wieringa, Tidschr. Plantziekt., 

 ^1 , 1935, 312; Bacterium flavozonala 

 McCulloch, Jour. Agr. Res., 54, 1937, 859 

 {Xanthomonas flavozonatum Dowson, loc. 

 cil.). 



Translated by Dr. K. Togashi. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.6 by 1.2 to 2.0 microns. 

 Motile with a polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. Liquefac- 

 tion (Wieringa, loc. cit., McCulloch, 

 loc. cit., Dowson, loc. cit., and Stapp, 

 loc. cit.). 



Potato agar colonies: Circular, convex, 

 smooth, moist, shining, yellow. 



Broth: Turbid. Yellow pellicle and 

 precipitation. 



Milk : No coagulation. Casein digested 

 Alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Starch hydrolyzed (Dowson, Jour. 

 Roy. Hort. Soc, 63, 1938, 289). 



No acid or gas in peptone broth from 

 glucose, sucrose, lactose or glycerol. 

 Acid from glucose, sucrose, lactose, 

 mannitol and glycerol in peptone-free 

 medium (McCulloch, loc. cit.). 



Optimum temperature 27 °C. Maxi- 

 mum 37°C. Minimum 1° to 3°C. 



Source : Isolated from leaf spot of 

 begonia. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on Begonia spp. 



9. Xanthomonas campestris (Pam- 

 mel) Dowson. {Bacillus campestris 

 Pammel, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 27, 

 1895, 130; Pseudomonas campestris Erw. 

 Smith, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 3, 1897, 

 284; Bacterium campestris (sic) Chester, 

 Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept., 9, 

 1897, 110; Phytomonas campestris Bergey 

 et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 176; Dowson, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 190.) 

 From L. campestris of the field. 



Description from McCulloch (Jour. 

 Agr. Res., 38, 1929, 278). Species is 

 probably composed of several varieties. 

 See descriptions by Mekta, Ann. Appl. 

 Biol., 12, 1925, 330; Paine and Nirula, 

 Ann. Appl. Biol., 15, 1928, 46; Wormald 

 and Frampton, Ann. Rept. East. Mall. 

 Res. Sta., 1926 and 1927, II Supplement, 

 1928, 108; and others. 



Rods: 0.3 to 0.5 by 0.7 to 2.0 microns. 

 Motile with a polar flagellum. Capsules. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef agar colonies : Wax yellow, round, 

 smooth, shining, translucent, margins 

 entire. 



Broth : Turbid with j'ellow rim and 

 sometimes a pellicle. 



Milk: Casein digested with the forma- 

 tion of tyrosine crystals. Alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole formation weak. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 32, 1942,600). 



Acid, no gas, from glucose, sucrose, 

 lactose, glycerol and mannitol. 



