156 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature 28° to 30 °C. 

 Maximum 36 °C. 



Aerobic. 



Distinctive characters: Causes a vas- 

 cular infection in cabbage, cauliflower 

 and rutabagas. 



Source: Pammel {loc. cit.) first isolated 

 the pathogen from diseased rutabagas. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on cabbage, cauli- 

 flower and other related species. 



9a. Xanlhomonas carnpestris var. ar- 

 moraciae (McCulloch) Burkholder. 

 (Bacterium camjiestre var. armoraciae 

 McCulloch, Jour. Agr. Res., S8, 1929, 

 269; Phyiomonas carnpestris var. ar- 

 moraciae Bergey et al., Manual, 3rd ed., 

 1930, 251; Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 

 19-12, 601.) From Or. Armoracia, the 

 horse radish. 



Cultural characters same as Xanlho- 

 monas carnpestris. 



Distinctive characters : Causes a leaf 

 spot of horse radish. No vascular in- 

 fection. 



Source : Isolated from diseased horse- 

 radish leaves collected in Washington, 

 D. C, Virginia, Connecticut, Iowa and 

 Missouri. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on horse radish 

 and related species. 



10. Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson. 

 (Pseudomonas citri Hasse, Jour. Agr. 

 Res., 4, 1915, 97; Bacterium citri Doidge, 

 Union So. .\frica, Dept. Agr. Sci. Bui. 8, 

 1916, 20; Bacillus citri Holland, Jour. 

 Bact., 5, 1920, 218; Phyiomonas citri 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 181 ; 

 Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 

 1939, 190.) From M. L. Citrus, a generic 

 name. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.75 by 1.5 to 2 microns, 

 occurring in chains. Motile with a single 

 polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef agar colonies : Appear in 36-48 

 hours, circular, smooth, raised, dull 

 yellow. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. A yellow 

 ring formed. 



Milk : Casein is precipitated. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced (Reid, New 

 Zealand Jour. Sci . and Tech. , .2^, 1938, 60 ) . 



Indole not formed. 



No gas from glucose, lactose or man- 

 nitol. 



Starch h3'drolyzed (Reid, loc. cit.). 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature, 25° to 34 °C. 

 Maximum 38°C. Minimum 10°C. 

 (Okabe, Jour. Soc. Trop. Agr., 4, 1932, 

 476). 



Source : Isolated from canker on orange. 



Habitat: Produces a canker on many 

 species of Citrus and related plants. 



11. Xanthomonas corylina Miller, Bol- 

 len, Simmons, Gross, and Barss. (Miller 

 et al., Phytopath., 30, 1940, 731; Phyio- 

 monas corylina Miller et al., ibid.) 

 From Gr. corylus, the hazelnut; M. L. 

 corylina, of the hazel nut. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.7 by 1.1 to 3.8 microns. 

 Motile with a polar flagellum. Capsules. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin : Liquefaction. 



Nutrient glucose-agar streaks : Abun- 

 dant growth, filiform, convex, glistening, 

 smooth, opaque, pale lemon yellow, viscid. 



Broth: Turbid. Ring formed in 2-5 

 days. 



Milk : Enzymatic curd that is slowly 

 digested. Litmus reduced. Crystal for- 

 mation (Burkholder). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Nitrogen sources utilized are peptone, 

 aspartic acid, alanine, leucine, sodium 

 ammonium phosphate, allantoin, tyro- 

 sine, uric acid and brucine. 



Indole is not produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide not produced on lead 

 acetate agar. H2S produced after Zobell 

 and Feltham's method (Burkholder). 



Selenium dioxide reduced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., S;g, 1942, 600). 



Acid, no gas from glucose, fructose, 

 galactose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, xy- 

 lose, raffinose, mannitol, glycerol, and 

 starch. Alkali from salts of citric, lactic, 



