164 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Motile with a polar flagellum. Capsules. 

 Gram-positive. Gram-negative (Gard- 

 ner and Kendrick; and Higgins). 



Gelatin : Liquefaction. 



Nutrient agar colonies: Good growth. 

 Circular, wet-shining, Naples yellow, 

 edges entire. 



Milk: Casein precipitated and slowly 

 digested. Tyrosine crystals. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced (Burk- 

 b >ider). 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath.,3;?, 1942, 600). 



Acid but not gas from glucose, fruc- 

 tose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, glycerol 

 and dextrin. 



Certain strains hydrolyze starch, others 

 do not (Burkholder and Li, Phytopath., 

 31, 1941, 753). 



Optimum temperature 30°C. 



Source : Isolated from spotted tomato 

 fruits in South Africa. 



Habitat : Pathogen on tomatoes, Lycu- 

 persicon esculentum and peppers, Capsi- 

 cum annuum. 



25a. Xanthomonas vesicatoria var. 

 raphani (White) Starr and Burkholder. 

 {Bacterium vesicatoria var. raphani 

 White, Phytopath., 20, 1930, 653; Phylo- 

 monas vesicatoria var. raphani Burk- 

 holder, in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 154; 

 Starr and Burkholder, Phytopath., 32, 

 1942, 600.) From M. L. Raphanus, the 

 radish, a generic name. 



Distinctive characters : Cultural char- 

 acters similar to Xanthomonas vesica- 

 toria, but differs in that it is able to attack 

 radishes, turnips, and other crucifers. 

 Differs from Xanthomonas campestris in 

 that it does not cause a vascular disease, 

 and differs from Xanthomonas cainpestris 

 var. armoraciae in that it is not patho- 

 genic on horseradish. 



Source : Isolated from leaf spots of 

 radish and turnips in Indiana. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on radish, turnips, 

 and other crucifers ; and on tomato and 

 pepper. 



26. Xanthomonas nakatae (Okabe) 

 Dowson. {Bacterium nakatae Type B, 

 Okabe, Jour. Soc. Trop. Agr., Formosa, 

 5, 1933, 161 ; Phylomonas nakatae Burk- 

 holder, in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 154; 

 Dowson, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 26, 

 1943, 12.) Named for Nakata, the Japa- 

 nese plant pathologist. 



Rods: 0.3 to 0.4 by 1.1 to 2.5 microns. 

 Capsules. Motile with a polar flagellum. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. Brown color. 



Beef -extract agar colonies: Amber yel- 

 low, round, smooth, glistening, margins 

 entire. Brown. 



Broth : Moderate turbidity with yellow 

 ring. Medium turns brown. 



Milk: Casein is precipitated and di- 

 gested. Tyrosine crystals. Brown color. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Slight amount H2S produced. 



Acid but not gas from glucose, sucrose, 

 maltose and lactose. 



Starch: Strong diastatic action. 



Optimum temperature 30° to 32°C. 

 Maximum 39°C. Minimum 10°C. 



No growth in beef extract broth plus 

 2 per cent salt. 



Aerobic. 



Distinctive character: Differs from 

 Type A in that it produces a brown pig- 

 ment in culture. (Description of Type A 

 not seen.) 



Source : Isolated from water-soaked to 

 brown leaf spots on jute. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on jute, Corchoriis 

 capszdaris. 



27. Xanthomonas papavericola (Bryan 

 and McWhorter) Dowson. {Bacterium 

 papavericola Bryan and McWhorter, 

 Jour. Agr. Res., 40, 1930, 9; Phytomonas 

 papavericola Bergey et al., Manual, 4th 

 ed., 1934, 266; Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 IIAbt.,iOO, 1939,190.) FromL. papaver, 

 poppy; -cola, dweller; M. L. Papaver, a 

 generic name. 



Rods: 0.6 to 0.7 by 1 to 1.7 microns. 

 Chains. Capsules. Motile with a single 

 polar flagellum. Gram-negative. 



