FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



165 



Gelatin : Liquefaction. 



Beef agar colonies : Mustard yellow to 

 primuline yellow, circular, margins 

 entire. 



Broth : Turbidity prompt with a yellow 

 ring and an incomplete pellicle. 



Milk : Soft coagulation, peptonization 

 and production of tyrosine crystals. 



Nitrates : A weak reaction for nitrites 

 after 10 days. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide is produced. 



Lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, Phy- 

 topath., 5:?, 1942, 600). 



Acid but not gas from glucose, galac- 

 tose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, 

 glycerol and mannitol. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature 25° to W°C. 

 Maximum 35°C. 



No growth in broth plus 5 per cent salt. 



Aerobic. 



Source: Isolated from black spots on 

 leaves, buds and pods of poppy. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on poppy, Papaver 

 rhoeas. 



28. Xanthomonas alfalfae (Riker 

 et al.) Dowson. {Bacterium alfalfae 

 Riker, .Tones and Davis, Jour. Agr. Res., 

 51, 1935, 177; Phylomonas alfalfae Riker 

 ot al., ihid.; Pseudomonas alfalfae Riker 

 ot al., ihid.; Dowson, Trans. Brit. Alycol. 

 Soc, 26, 1943, 11.) From Spanish, of 

 alfalfa. 



Rods: 0.45 by 2.4 microns. Motile 

 with a polar fiagellum. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Nutrient agar stroke : Growth abun- 

 dant, filiform, smooth, glistening, butyr- 

 ous, pale yellow. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Light 

 sediment. 



Milk: Casein is precipitated and di- 

 gested. 



Ammonia formed slowly in a nitrate 

 medium. 



Carbohydrates : No acid in yeast broth 

 plus sugars. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 24° to 32°C. 

 Maximum below 36°C. Minimum below 

 4°C. 



Source : Six single cell cultures isolated 

 from diseased alfalfa. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on the leaves of 

 alfalfa, Medicago sativa. 



29. Xanthomonas acernea (Ogawa) 

 comb. nov. {Pseudomonas acernea Ogawa, 

 Ann. Phyt. Soc. Japan, 7, 1937, 123; 

 Phylomonas acernea Ark, Phytopath., 

 29, 1939, 968.) From L. acerneus, of 

 the maple. 



Rods: 0.2 to 0.6 by 0.5 to 1.2 microns. 

 Motile with one polar fiagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquified. 



Agar colonies : Round, smooth, convex, 

 white to citron yellow, glistening, trans- 

 lucent with amorphous structure. 



Broth : Turbid. 



Milk: Slowly cleared, slightly acid. 

 No coagulation. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



No gas produced in peptone water plus 

 sugars. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature about 32°C. 

 Thermal death point 59°C. 



Aerobic. 



Source : From diseased leaves of Acer 

 trifidum in Japan. 



Habitat : Causes a disease in Acer spp. 

 and in Aesculus turbinaia and Koelren- 

 teria panicvlata. 



30. Xanthomonas carotae (Kendrick) 

 Dowson. {Phylomonas carotae Ken- 

 drick, Jour. Agr. Res., 49, 1934, 504; 

 Pseudomonas carotae Kendrick, ibid. ; 

 Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 

 1939, 190.) From L. carota, the carrot. 



Rods: 0.42 to 0.85 by 1.38 to 2.75 

 microns. Motile with 1 or 2 polar flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Potato glucose agar: Colonies round, 

 smooth, glistening, margins entire, straw 

 yellow in color. 



