166 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Milk : Casein precipitated and milk 

 cleared; alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Acid, no gas, from glucose, d-galac- 

 tose, xylose, rf-mannose, Z-arabinose, 

 sucrose, lactose, raffinose, trehalose, 

 d-mannitol and glycerol. No acid from 

 maltose and rhamnose. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature 25° to 30°C. 



Tolerates 4 per cent salt at pH 7. 



Aerobic. 



Source : Two original isolations from 

 diseased carrots and a reisolation from 

 inoculated carrots were used for the 

 description. 



Habitat: Pathogenic on leaves of 

 Daucus caroin var. saliva. 



31. Xanthomonas hederae (Arnaud) 

 Dowson. {Bacterium hederae Arnaud, 

 Compt. rend. Acad. Sci., Paris, 171, 

 1920, 121; Phytomonas hederae Burk- 

 holder and Guterman, Phj^topath., 22, 

 1932, 783; Dowson, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 100, 1939, 190.) From L. hedera, 

 ivy; M. L. Hedera, a generic name. 



Description taken from Burkholder 

 and Guterman {loc. cit.). 



Rods: 0.6 by 2.13 microns. Motile 

 with a single polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef-extract-agar slants: Growth good, 

 filiform, amber yellow, butyrous. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Milk: Casein is precipitated and di- 

 gested. Milk becomes alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



Indole not formed. 



Not lipolytic (Starr and Burkholder, 

 Phytopath., 32, 1942, 600). 



Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 xylose, sucrose, lactose and glycerol. 

 Alkali from salts of acetic, citric, lactic, 

 malic and succinic; acids. The following 

 are not utilized : arabinose, rhamnose, 

 maltose, salicin, starch, cellulose and 

 formic acid. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Source : Isolated from diseased ivy 

 leaves. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on ivy, Hedera 

 helix. 



32. Xanthomonas phormicola (Taki- 

 moto) Dowson. {Bacterium phormicola 

 Takimoto, Jour. Plant Protect., 20, 1933, 

 777; Phytomonas -phormicola Burkholder, 

 in Manual, 5th ed., 1939, 159; Dowson, 

 Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc, 26, 1943, 12.) 

 From M. L. Phormium, a generic name. 



Description translated by Dr. K. 

 Togashi . 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.6 by 1 to 2 microns. 

 Motile, with a single flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin : Liquefied. 



Agar colonies : Light yellow, then waxy 

 yellow; butyrous, then viscid. 



Broth : Turbid, pellicle formed. 



Milk: Casein coagulated slowly and 

 precipitated, then digested. Alkaline. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



No gas from sucrose, glucose, lactose 

 and glycerol. 



No acid from various sugars in broth. 



Optimum temperature about 29°C. 

 Maximum 39°C. Minimum about 0°C. 



Aerobic. 



Source : Species isolated from New 

 Zealand flax, Phormium tenax. 



Habitat: Causes a leaf stripe of Phor- 

 mium tenax. 



33. Xanthomonas geranii (Burkholder) 

 Dowson. {Phytomonas geranii Burk- 

 holder, Phytopath., 27, 1937, 560; Dow- 

 son, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 100, 1939, 

 190.) From Greek, geranos, crane; M. 

 L. Geranium , a generic name. 



Rods: 0.75 to 2.0 microns. Motile 

 with a single polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. 



Gelatin: Liquefied. 



Beef -extract agar slants : Moderate to 

 good filiform growth, glistening, primu- 

 line yellow. Develops in 24 hours. 



