170 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Motile with 1 to 3 polar flagella. Gram- 

 positive. 



Gelatin : Liquefaction. 



Agar slant : Growth wet-shining, dirty 

 white with a faint yellow tinge. 



Broth: Turbid in 24 hours. Slight 

 ring. 



Milk : Acid with soft curd after 2 days. 

 Later a separation of whey. 



Nitrites are produced from nitrates. 



Acid and gas from glucose, sucrose and 

 mannitol. No acid or gas from lactose. 



Starch: Slight hydrolysis. 



Source : Repeated isolation from a leaf- 

 spot of Proica in England. 



Habitat : Pathogenic on Protea cy- 

 nar aides. 



43. Xanthomonas manihotis (Arthaud- 

 Berthet) comb. nov. {Bacillus manihotus 

 Arthaud-Berthet by Bondar, Chacaras 

 and Quintaes 5(4), 1912, 15; Bacillus 

 manihot Bondar (and Arthaud-Berthet), 

 Bol. Agric, Sao Paulo, 16, 1915, 513; 

 Bacterium m.anihoius Drummond and 

 Hipolito, Ceres, 2, 1941, 298; Phytomonas 

 manihotis Viegas, Rev. d. Agr., Pieraci- 

 caba, 15, 1940, 475.) From M. L. Mani- 

 hotus, a generic name. 



Description from Burkholder, Phyto- 

 path., 32, 1942, 147. 



Rods : 0.35 to 0.93 by 1.4 to 2.8 microns. 

 Gram-negative and mostly non-motile. 

 One isolate showed a few cells with 1 

 polar flagellum. Amaral (Instit. Biol., 

 Sao Paulo, Arq., IS, 1942, 120) states that 

 the species is motile with one polar fla- 

 gellum. 



Gelatin: Liquefaction. 



Beef -extract-peptone agar : Streaks 

 raised, ivory-color, smooth, shiny, with 

 edges entire. 



Potato-glucose agar : Growth abun- 

 dant, white to hyaline, very mucoid. 



Broth : Turbid with a whitish granular 

 ring. 



Litmus milk : Litmus reduced and 

 milk clears. With return of color, litmus 

 is purple. 



Indole not formed. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates 

 (Drummond and Hipolito, loc. cit.). 



Asparagine not used as a nitrogen and 

 carbon source. No growth in nitrate 

 synthetic broth. 



Weak growth but slight acid production 

 in synthetic medium plus glucose, 

 d-galactose, d-fructose, d-xylose, maltose 

 and sucrose. No growth in rhamnose, 

 1-arabinose, d-lactose, glycerol, mannitol 

 and salicin. Good growth with alkaline 

 reaction in same medium plus salts of the 

 following acids: acetic, citric, malic, 

 maleic and succinic. The salts of formic, 

 hippuric, lactic and tartaric acids were 

 not utilized. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. Amaral {loc. 

 cit.) finds hydrolysis. 



Lipolytic action slight. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 30°C. Maxi- 

 mum 38°C. Minimum 5°C. 



Source : First isolated from the cassava, 

 Manihotus utilissima in Brazil. 



Habitat : Produces a wilt disease on 

 various species of Manihotus. 



44. Xanthomonas rubrisubalbicans 



(Christopher and Edgerton) comb. nov. 

 {Phytomonas rubrisubalbicans Christo- 

 pher and Edgerton, Jour. Agr. Res., 4^, 

 1930, 266; Bacterium rubris2tbalbicans 

 Burgwitz, Phytopathogenic Bacteria, 

 Leningrad, 1935, 105.) From L. ruber, 

 red; subalbicans, nearly white. 



Rods: Short with polar flagella. Cap- 

 sules. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin: No liquefaction. 



Bacto-glucose agar colonies: Circular, 

 glistening, viscid, milky gray to buff. 

 Margins translucent, entire. 



Broth : Turbid after 24 hours. Pellicle 

 and a ropy sediment. 



Indole produced. 



Hydrogen sulfide produced. 



No gas from carbohydrates. 



Starch hydrolyzed. 



Optimum temperature 30°C. 



Optimum pH 6.8 to 8.0. 



Source : Isolated many times from mot- 

 tled stripe of sugar cane in Louisiana. 



