FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



173 



Agar colonies : Circular, slightly con- 

 vex, opaque, gray by reflected, and 

 light-brown by transmitted light. 



Agar slant : Gray, becoming yellowish. 



Broth: Turbid with pellicle. 



Litmus milk: Acid. 



Potato : Gray to yellowish growth. 



Indole is formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Acid and visible gas from glucose, 

 lactose and sucrose. 



Acetylmethylcarbinol is formed. 



Ammonia is formed from peptone and 

 asparagin. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



Starch is hydrolyzed. 



Lipase is formed. Catalase positive. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. 



Distinctive character; Produces gas in 

 lactose fermentation tubes. 



Source : Ten cultures from the larvae 

 of a midge (Chironomtis plumosus) and 

 from filtered water. 



Habitjit: Unknown. 



2. Pseudomonas trifolii Huss. (Huss, 

 Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 19, 1907, 68; 

 Flavobacterium trifolii Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st od., 1923, 111.) From Latin, 

 tres (Iri-), three; Jolivm, leaf; M. L. 

 Trifolium, clover. 



Possible synonym : Bacillus annulatus 

 Wright. (Wright, Memoirs Nat. Acad. 

 Sci., 7, 1895, 443; Pseudomonas annidata 

 Chester, Man. Determ. Bact., 1901, 315; 

 Relationship to Bacillus annulatus Zim- 

 mermann uncertain. Die Bakt. unserer 

 Trink- und Nutzwiisser, Chemnitz, II 

 Reihc, 1890, 30; Flavobacterium annula- 

 lum Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 110.) 



According to Mack (Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 95, 1936, 218) the following organism 

 is to be regarded as identical with Pseudo- 

 monas trifolii: Bacillus mesentericus 

 aureus Winkler (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 5, 1899, 577) regarded by Burri (Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 10, 1902, 756) and Dtiggeli 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 12, 1904, 602) 



as identical with the organism which 

 Duggeli (loc. cit.) names Bacterium 

 herbicola aureum. The organism studied 

 as Bacterium herbicola by Hiittig (Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 84, 1931, 231) is not 

 regarded as identical with the Burri and 

 Diiggeli organism by Mack. Beijerinck 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., IB, 1905, 366) 

 states that Bacillus herbicola of Burri 

 and Diiggeli is identical with his Bacillus 

 anglomerans (Botan. Ztg., 1888, 749). 

 If so, this binomial has priority. 



Rods : 0.5 to 0.7 by 0.75 to 2.0 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and in chains. 

 Motile, possessing a single polar flagellum. 

 Gram-negative. 



Gelatin colonies : Convex, smooth, 

 moist, glistening, grayish -yellow. 



Gelatin stab: Napiform liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, circular, grayish, 

 becoming brownish-yellow. 



Agar slant : Yellowish, becoming brown- 

 ish-yellow streak, lacerate margin. 



Broth: Turbid, with grayish-yellow 

 pellicle and sediment. 



Litmus milk: Slowly coagulated; alka- 

 line; with yellow ring. 



Potato: Thick, yellowish, fiat, smooth, 

 glistening. 



Hj'drogen sulfide produced. 



Indole is formed. 



-\cid from glucose, sucrose, xylose, 

 arabinose, and mannitol. No acid from 

 lactose. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Cultures have an agreeable odor. 



Volutin formed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 33° to 35°C. 



Source: Isolated from clover hay. 



Habitat : Evidently a common organism 

 on the leaves of plants. 



3. Pseudomonas xanthe Zettnow. 

 (Zettnow, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 77, 1915, 220; Flavobacterium zettnowii 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 112; Flavobacterium xanthium (sic) Ber- 

 gey et al.. Manual, 3rd ed., 1930. 145.) 

 From Gr. xanthus, yellow. 



