186 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Non-motile. Do not give the cellulose 

 reaction with iodine solution. 



Glucose gelatin colonies : Dry, white, 

 with white area surrounding the colony. 



Fluid cultures have a tough pellicle 

 rising on the wall of the flask. 



Acid from ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol 

 and glycol. No acid from arabinose, 

 fructose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, 

 maltose, lactose, raffinose, dextrin, 

 starch, methyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 

 butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, amyl 

 alcohol, glycerin, mannitol and acetal- 

 dehyde (Henneberg, Die deutsch. Essig- 

 ind., 2, 1898, 147). 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 31°C. 



Habitat: Isolated from vinegar and 

 from red wine. 



4. Acetobacter plicatum Fuhrmann. 

 (Beihefte z. bot. Centralbl., Orig., 19, 

 1905, 8.) Description given in Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 15, 1906, 377. From 

 plicatus, folded. 



Rods : 0.55 to 0.7 by 0.75 to 0.9 microns 

 when grown on agar at 28° to 30°C. 

 Young streak cultures 0.4 to 0.6 by 1.4 

 to 1.6 microns with homogeneous staining 

 when grown on beef-extract-gelatin at 

 22°C. 0.5 by 1.5 to 1.7 microns with 

 uneven staining (polar) when grown on 

 wine gelatin. At about 40°C the organ- 

 isms form swollen and greatly elongated 

 forms. Non-motile. 



Agar slant : Pale yellowish, translucent 

 growth. 



Alcohol-free beer with glucose and 

 sucrose: Turbid with thick pellicles. 



Potato : Growth limited. 



Ferments alcohol to form acetic acid. 



Optimum temperature 28° to 30°C. 



Habitat: Wine. 



5. Acetobacter acetigentmi (Henne- 

 berg) Bergey et al. {Bacterium aceti- 

 genum Henneberg, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 4, 1898, 14; Bacillus aceligenuni 

 Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 801; 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 35.) From Latin, producing vinegar. 



Rods, occurring singly and in pairs. 

 0.8 to 1.2 by 1.2 to 1.4 microns. Motile. 

 Cells give a cellulose reaction with H0SO4 

 and iodine. 



Glucose gelatin colonies : Raised, gray- 

 ish, slimy. 



Fluid cultures show a tough, slimy 

 pellicle. 



Acid from glucose, ethyl alcohol, 

 propyl alcohol and glycol. No acid 

 from arabinose, fructose, galactose, sor- 

 bose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose, 

 dextrin, starch, glycogen, inulin, methyl 

 alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, 

 isobutjd alcohol, amyl alcohol, glycerol, 

 erythritol, mannitol, dulcitol and acetal- 

 dehyde (Henneberg, Die deutsch. Essig- 

 ind.,;2, 1898, 147).' 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 33°C. Thermal 

 death point 43° to 45°C for 5 minutes. 



Habitat : Vinegar. 



6. Acetobacter industrium (Henne- 

 berg) Bergey et al. {Bacterium indus- 

 trium Henneberg, Zeitschr. f. deutsche 

 Essigindustrie, Berlin, 1898; Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 4, 1898, 933; Bacillus 

 industrius Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 

 1900, 801; Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 

 1923, 36.) From Latin industrius, 

 diligent. 



Rods: 0.3 to 0.8 by 2.4 to 20 microns, 

 occurring singly and in chains. No 

 distinct color produced with iodine. 

 Motile. 



Forms pellicle on fluid culture media. 



Acid from arabinose, fructose, glucose, 

 galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffi- 

 nose, starch, dextrin, ethyl alcohol, 

 propyl alcohol, glycol, glycerol and 

 mannitol. No acid from isopropyl alco- 

 hol, butjd alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, amyl 

 alcohol and acetaldehyde (Henneberg, 

 Die deutsch. Essigind., 2, 1898, 147). 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 23°C. Maxi 

 mum 35°C. Minimum 8°C. 



Habitat : Beer wort. 



