FA&ULY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



187 



7. Bacterium schuezenbachii Henne- 

 berg. (Die deutsche Essigind., No. 

 11-18, 1906; also Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 17, 1906, 790.) Named for Schiizenbach, 

 the inventor of the German quick vinegar 

 process. 



Rods: 0.3 to 0.4 bj^ 1.0 to 3.6 microns, 

 occurring singly, in pairs and chains. 

 The cells are round, oval or elongated, not 

 infrequently sickle-shaped or irregularly 

 bent with rounded or pointed ends. 

 Not stained with iodine. Non-motile. 



Wort gelatin colonies : Round, shin}', 

 transparent with yellowish-brown cen- 

 ters. 



A non-coherent fihn produced on the 

 surface of liquid media. 



Acid from arabinose, fructose, glucose, 

 galactose, maltose, lactose, dextrin, ethyl 

 alcohol, propyl alcohol, glycerol and 

 erythritol. Small amount of acid from 

 sucrose and raffinose. No acid from 

 mannitol (Henneberg, Handbuch d. Gar- 

 ungsbakt., 2, 1925, 239). 



Temperature relations : Optimum 25° 

 to 27.5^0. Scant growth at 34° to 35"C 

 and 13° to 15°C. Xo growth at 37° and 

 7.5°C. 



Source: Isolated from vinegar in the 

 quick vinegar process. 



Habitat: Produces acetic acid in quick 

 vinegar process. 



8. Bacterium xylinoides Henneberg. 

 (Die deutsche Essigind., No. 11 to 18, 

 1906; also Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 

 1906, 794.) From Greek, woody. 



Rods: 0.5 to 0.8 microns (round cells) 

 and 0.5 to 1.2 microns (long forms), oc- 

 curring singly, in pairs or chains, cells 

 round and as short and long rods. The 

 thick membrane like that produced by 

 Acetohactcr xylinum gives the reaction 

 for cellulose with iodine and sulfuric 

 acid, but the thin membrane does not. 



Wort gelatin : Colonies are produced 

 like drops of water, often with light brown 

 kernels in the center. 



Wort gelatin streak : Growth transpar- 

 ent at first, later whitish. 



Three types of membrane on fluid 

 media are formed by this species and all 

 three may even be found on a culture at 

 one time. A thin, firm, coherent mem- 

 brane like that of Bacterium orleanense 

 may be formed or one that is voluminous, 

 scumlike (like coagulated egg-white), 

 coherent, somewhat slimj'^ and finally 

 thick like that of Bacterium xylinum. 

 Also a membrane may be formed that is 

 intermediate in type. 



Acid from arabinose, glucose, galac- 

 tose, sucrose, maltose, ethyl alcohol, 

 propyl alcohol, glycerol and erythritol. 

 Small amount of acid from fructose and 

 mannitol. 



Temperature relations : Optimum 28°C. 

 Slight growth at 14°C. No growth at 

 6°C. 



Source : Isolated from wine vinegar 

 from the Rhine and other sections. 



Habitat : Found in vinegar made by the 

 Orleans method. 



9. Bacterium orleanense Henneberg. 

 (Die deutsche Essigind., No. 11-18, 1906; 

 also Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 1906,792.) 

 Latinized, of Orleans. 



Rods: 0.4 to 0.5 by 1.2 to 2.1 microns, 

 occurring singly or in chains. The cells 

 are round, elongated or as involution 

 forms, with straight or curved cells 

 appearing. Not stained with iodine. 

 Non-motile. 



Wort gelatin : Colonies irregular in 

 form, whitish in color, about 1 mm. in 

 diameter in 2 days. 



Wort gelatin streak: Growth often 

 slimy, transparent, licjuid mass with 

 yellowish-brown sediment. 



Wort agar streak: Some strains form 

 isolated, moist, slimy, transparent colo- 

 nies and on the water of condensation 

 isolated whitish colonies are formed. 

 Other strains form a coherent, trans- 

 parent coating with a light brown pre- 

 cipitate later and individual, distinct, 

 round colonies of the same color. 



Characteristic of this species is the firm 

 coherent film on the surface of liquid 

 media. 



