FAMILY PSEUDOMONADACEAE 



207 



(Ann. Inst. Past., 26, 1912, 300.) An- 

 aerobe. From the buccal cavity. 



Vibrio terrigenus Giinther. (Cent. f. 

 Bakt., 16, 1894, 746; Spirillum terri- 

 genum Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 

 1017; Microspira terrigena Chester, Man. 

 Determ. Bact., 1901, 341.) Closely re- 

 lated to Vibrio tonsillaris Stephens and 

 Smith. From soil. 



Vibrio tonsillaris Stephens and Smith. 

 (Cent. f. Bakt., 19, 1896, 929; Microspira 

 tonsillaris Migula, Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 



1900, 1009.) Closely related to Vibrio 

 terrigenus Giinther. From buccal cavity. 



Vibrio toulonensis Hauduroy et al. 

 (Vibrion, Defressine and Cazeneuve, in 

 Violle, Le Cholera, Masson edit., 1919; 

 Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. Bact. Path., 

 1937, 547.) From mussel beds in the 

 bay of Toulon. 



Vibrio xylitica Kalnins. (Latvijas 

 tJniversitates Raksti, Serija I, No. 11, 

 1930,232.) Decomposes cellulose. From 

 soil. 



Genus II. Desulfovibrio Kluyver and van Niel.* 



(Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 04, 1936, 369; Sporovibrio Starkey, Arch. f. Mikrobiol., 9, 



1938, 300.) From M. L. desulfo, an abbreviation of the poorly constructed word 



desulfofication, used to indicate reduction of sulfur compounds by bacteria; 



vibrio, vibrio. 



Slightly curved rods of variable length, usually occurring singly but sometimes in 

 short chains which have the appearance of spirilla. Swollen pleomorphic forms are 

 common. Actively motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Strict anaerobes 

 which reduce sulfates to hydrogen sulfide. Found in sea water, marine mud, fresh 

 water, and soil. 



The type species is Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (Beijerinck) Kluyver and van Niel. 



1. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans 

 (Beijerinck) Kluyver and van Niel. 

 {Bacterium hydrosuljureum ponticum 

 Zelinsky, Proc. Russ. Phys. and Chem. 

 Soc, 25, 1893, 298; Spirillum desul- 

 furicans Beijerinck, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 1, 1895, 1: Bacillus desidfuricans 

 Saltet, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 6, 1900, 

 648; Microspira desulfuricans Migula, 

 Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 1016; Kluyver 

 and van Niel, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 94, 1936, 369; Vibrio desulfuricans 

 Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 225; Sporo- 

 vibrio desulfuricans Starkey, Koninkl. 

 Nederland. Akad. v. Wetenschappen, 

 Proc, 41, 1938, 425; also in Arch. f. 

 Microbiol., 9, 19.38, 268.) From U. L. 

 present part, desidfurico, sulfur re- 

 ducing. 



Slightly curved rods, 0.5 to 1.0 by 1 to 5 

 microns, usually occurring singly but 

 sometimes in pairs and short chains 



which cause them to look like spirilla. 

 Swollen pleomorphic forms are common. 

 Older cells appear black due to precipi- 

 tated ferric sulfide. Actively motile, 

 possessing a polar flagellum. Gram- 

 negative. Stains readilj' with carbol 

 fuchsin. 



Grows best in freshwater media. 

 Fails to develop in sea water upon initial 

 isolation. 



Produces opalescent turbiditj' in ab- 

 sence of oxygen in mineral media enriched 

 with sulfate and peptone. 



Media containing iron salts blackened. 

 Bacteria found associated with pre- 

 cipitated ferrous sulfide. 



Peptone-glucose agar colonies (in 

 absence of air) : Small, circular, slightly 

 raised, dull, entire, soft in consistency. 



Gelatin not liquefied. 



Peptone, asparagine, glycine, alanine, 

 aspartic acid, ethanol, propanol, butanol, 



* Prepared by Dr. Claude E. 

 .Jolla, California, Jan., 1943. 



ZoBell, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La 



