212 MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Genus V. Thiospira Vislouch-* 



(Jour, de Microbiologie, 1, 1914, 50; Sidjospir ilium Kluyver and van Niel, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 9J^, 1936, 396.) From Greek, theion, sulfur; speira, coil. 



Colorless, motile, slightly bent rods, somewhat pointed at the ends, with granules 

 of sulfur within the cells and a small number of flagella at the ends. 



The type species is Thinspira winograchkyi (Omelianski) Vislouch. 



1. Thiospira winogradskyi (Ome- 2. Thiospira bipunctata (Molisch) 



lianski) Vislouch. {ThiospiriUum wi7io- Vislouch. (Spirillum bipunctatum Mo- 



gradskyi Omelianski, Cent. f. Bakt., II Hsch, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 33, 1912, 



Abt., 14, 1905, 7m ; ThiospiriUum. granu- 55; Vislouch, Jour, de Microbiologie 



latum Molisch, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., (Russian), 1, 1914, 50.) From Latin, bi, 



33, 1912, 55; Vislouch, Jour, de Micro- two; punctum, points, 



biologic '(Russian), 1, 1914, 50; Sulfo- Small, slightly bent sulfur spirilla, 



spirillum winogradskyi Kluyver and van markedly pointed at the ends, 6.6 by 14 



Niel, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 94, microns long 1.7 to 2 4 microns wide (in 



,„„„ „„_ , T-T J i- ^^T■ J 1 the center of the cell). Both ends are 



1936, 397.) Named for Wmogradsky, -xi i i i- 



^ . , . , . , filled more or less with large volutin 

 the Russian bacteriologist. (metachromatic) granules. Several mi- 

 Large, sulfur spirilla, somewhat ^^^^^ granules of sulfur are present in the 

 pointed at the ends, 2 to 2.5 microns ^j^^^. ^^^^^^ ^^^ sometimes at the ends, 

 thick, to 50 microns long. Numerous qjj ^gjjg possess one flagellum at each 

 granules of sulfur. Very motile, with end; young cells have a flagellum at 

 one to two polar flagella. one end. 



Habitat: Curative mud. Habitat: Sea and salt waters. 



Gcnvs VJ. Spirillum Ehrenberg .^ 



(Ehrenberg, Abhaudlungon d. Berl. Akad., 1830, 38; Spirosoma Migula, Arb. bakt. 



Inst. Karlsruhe, 1, 1894, 237; Dicrospirillum Enderlein, Sitzber. Gesell. naturf. 



Freunde, Berlin, 1917, 313.) From Greek, speira, a spire or coil. 



Cells form either long screws or portions of a turn. Volutin granules are usually 

 present. Usually motile by means of a tuft of polar flagella (5-20) which may occur 

 at one or both ends of the cells. Aerobic, growing well on ordinary culturemedia, 

 except for one saprophyte and the pathogenic species. These have not yet been 

 cultivated. Usually found in fresh and salt water containing organic matter. 



The type species is Spirillum xindula (Miiller) Ehrenberg. 



Key to the species of genus Spirillum. 



I. One micron or less in diameter. 

 1. Volutin granules present. 



a. Slow to rapid liquefaction of gelatin, 

 b. Grayish to brown growth on potato. 



1. Spirillum vndula. 



* Prepared by Prof. D. H. Bergey, Philadelphia, Penn., October, 1922. 



t Revised by Prof. D. H. Bergey, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April, 1937; further 

 revision by Prof. Robert S. Breed, New York State E.xperiment Station, Geneva, 

 New York, June, 1943, based on Monograph by Giesberger, Inaug. Diss., Utrecht, 

 Nov. 30, 1936. 



