FAMILY mCROCOCCACEAE 



289 



Erythroconis litoralis Oersted. (J^a- 

 turh. Tidsskrift, 3, 1840-41, 555; Meris- 

 mopedia litoralis Rabenhorst, Flora 

 Europ. Algarum, 2, 1864-65, 57; Sarcina 

 littoralis Winter in Rabenhorst, Krypto- 

 gamen-Flora, 1, I Abt., 1884, 50; Pedio- 

 coccus litoralis Trevisan, I generi e le 

 specie delle Batteriacee, Milano, 1889, 

 28; Lampropedia littoralis De Toni and 

 Trevisan, in Saccardo, Sylloge Fungorum, 

 8, 1889, 1049.) 



Coniothecium bertherandi Megnin. 

 CRevue Mycologique, 6, 1884, 197.) Sac- 

 cardo and Berlese (Atti. del R. Institute 

 Veneto, Ser. VI, Vol. 3) consider C. 

 bertherandi to be identical with Sarcina 

 littoralis, while Zopf (Die Spaltpilze, 2 

 Aufl., 1884, 73; 3 Auti., 1885, 102) 

 considers C. bertherandi a stage of Beg - 

 giatoa roseo-persicina. 



Description taken from Lochhead (Can. 

 Jour. Res., 10, 1934, 280). 



Spheres: 1.2 to 1.6 microns occurring 

 singly, in pairs, in fours, in short chains, 

 and in packets, the arrangement varying 

 with medium, temperature, salt concen- 

 tration and age of culture. Non-motile. 

 Gram stain variable, with rather more 

 positive than negative cells. 



No growth in ordinary media. 



Salt gelatin : Growth slow, with no 

 liquefaction. 



Starch media (20 per cent salt) : Colo- 

 nies usually 1 to 3 mm, round, entire, 

 convex, with a waxy appearance, brick 

 red with a pale border, color appearing 

 gradually. 



Starch media slants (20 per cent salt) : 

 Filiform, slightly raised, entire edge. 

 Coral red in color. Slight decrease in 

 shade as cultures age. 



Liquid media : No growth. 



Potato : In 20 per cent salt, scanty 

 growth. Slight chalky pink develop- 

 ment near the top. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrates reduced to nitrites. 



Diastatic action negative. 



Aerobic, obligate. 



Halophilic, obligate, 16-32 per cent 

 salt. Optimum 20-24 per cent. 



Optimum temperature 37°C. 



Source : Isolated from seashore mud 

 near Copenhagen. 



Habitat: Sea water brine, or sea salt. 

 Isolated from salted hides and salted 

 fish. 



The following is believed by Keller- 

 man {loc. cit.) to be a variety of Sarcina 

 littoralis : 



Diplococcus gadidarum Beckwith. 

 (Beckwith, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 60, 1911, 351; Micrococcus litoralis gadi- 

 darum Kellerman, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 4^, 1915, 400; Pediococcus gadida- 

 rum Pribram, Klassification der Schizo- 

 myceten, 1933, 46.) From reddened 

 salted codfish. 



9. Sarcina ureae (Beijerinck) Lohnis. 

 ( Planosarcina ureae Beijerinck, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., II Abt., 7, 1901, 52; Lohnis, Land- 

 wirtsch. bakteriol. Prakticum, 1911, 138; 

 Sporosarcina ureae Kluyver and van 

 Niel, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 94, 1936, 

 401.) From Greek, urum, urine; M. L., 

 urea, urea. 



Probable synonym : Sarcina psychro- 

 carterica (Rubentschick) Bergey et al. 

 ( Urosarcina psychrocarterica Rubent- 

 schick, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 64, 1925, 

 168; ibid., 66, 1926, 161; ibid., 67, 1926, 

 167; ibid., 68, 1926, 327; Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 3rd ed., 1930, 95.) 



Spheres: 0.7 to 1.2 microns, occurring 

 singly, in pairs and in packets. Atypical 

 endospores present. Motile, possessing 

 long peritrichous flagella. Gram- 

 positive. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, flat, 

 tough, yellowish. 



Converts urea into ammonium car- 

 bonate. 



Aerobic. 



Optimum temperature 20°C. Resists 

 heating to 80°C for 10 minutes. 



Source : Isolated from urine. 



Appendix : The following names appear 

 in the literature, and are listed here 

 chiefly for their historical interest. 



