308 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



continued the classification to Type 32. 

 Due to marked cross-reactions, it was 

 subsequently decided that Type 6 was 

 identical with Type 26, and that Types 

 15 and 30 were identical. This resulted 

 in the deletion of the Cooper Types 26 

 and 30, thus leaving thirty of the original 

 thirty-two types. Type 33 (Wilder) has 

 been described by Walter, Blount, Beat- 

 tie and Cotler (Jour. Inf. Dis., 66, 1940, 

 181) as a distinct type; sufficient recogni- 

 tion has been accorded to justify the 

 acceptance of this type, thereby making 

 a total of thirty-one types of the species. 

 In a still more recent publication, Wal- 

 ter, Guevin, Beattie, Cotler and Bucca 

 (Jour. Immunol., J!^l , 1941, 279) recom- 

 mend the addition of nine new types and 

 eight subtypes. These, together with 

 new strains reported by Ivauff'mann, 

 March and Schmith (Jour. Immunol., 

 S9, 1940, 397), if eventually recognized, 

 would make a total of fifty-five types. 

 Eddy still more recently, taking into 

 account all known types, raises the num- 

 ber of recognized types to seventy five 

 (U. S. Public Health Repts., 59, 1944, 

 449-468) . 



Note 1. Streptococcus mucosus How- 

 ard and Perkins. (Howard and Perkins, 

 Jour. Med. Res., 6 (N.S. I), 1901, 174; 

 Diplococcus capsulatus incorrectly at- 

 tributed to Frankel by Binaghi, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., 22, 1897, 273; Strepfococcus 

 tmicosus Schottmiillor, Miinch. med. 

 Wchnschr., 50, 1903, 909; Streptococcus 

 lanceolatus var. mucosus Park and Wil- 

 liams, Diplococcus lanceolatus var. 7nu- 

 cosus Park and Williams, Diplococcus 

 mucosus Park and Williams, Pneumo- 

 coccus mucosus Park and Williams, 

 Jour. Exp. Med., 7, 1905, 411; Strepto- 

 coccus mucosus capsulatus Buerger, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., ^U 1906. 314.) This 

 organism is no longer recognized as a 

 separate species. Dochez and Gillespie 

 (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 61, 1913, 727), 



Wirth (Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 102, 

 1928, 40) and others have established the 

 identity of strains of this group as Diplo- 

 coccus pneumoniae, Type 3. 



Buerger (Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 

 41, 1906, 314) lists the following capsu- 

 lated closely related streptococci : Strep- 

 tococcus involutus Kurth, Arb. a. d. k. 

 Gesundheitsamte, 8, 1893, 449 {Diplo- 

 coccus involutus Winslow and Winslow, 

 The Systematic Relationships of the 

 Coccaceae, New York, 1908, 131) ; Strep- 

 tococcus aggregatus Seitz, Cent. f. Bakt., 

 I Abt., 20, 1896, 854; Streptococcus cap- 

 sulatus Binaghi, Cent. f. Bakt., I Abt., 

 22, 1S97, 273; Streptocoque aureole, Le 

 Roy des Barres and Weinberg, Arch, de 

 Med. exper. et d'anat. pathol., 2, 1899, 

 399; Leuconostoc hominis Hlava, Cent. f. 

 Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 32, 1902, 263. 



Note 2. Pneumococci, regardless of 

 serological type, manifest three chief 

 culture phases (or stages): Mucoid, 

 Smooth, and Rough. The Mucoid (M) 

 form corresponds to that previously desig- 

 nated as Smooth (S) and represents the 

 typical phase of the species; Smooth (S) 

 supercedes the earlier term Rough (R); 

 and the present Rough (R) form is a rela- 

 tively newly-described variant. The 

 most frequently observed dissociative 

 trend is M -^ S ^ R. Serological types 

 are recognizable only in the Mucoid form 

 due to the presence of type-specific poly- 

 saccharides in the capsular material ; 

 both Smooth and Rough forms are devoid 

 of capsular material, but possess species- 

 specific antigens common to all members 

 of the species. Smooth and Rough forms 

 are non-pathogenic, possess distinctive 

 growth characteristics, and require spe- 

 cial technic for accurate observations. 

 The cultural characteristics given are 

 those of the mucoid and smooth phases 

 only, e. g., see growth in broth. 



'• t Diplococcus magnus Prevot. {Di- 

 plococcus magnus anaerobius Tissier and 



* Anaerobic section reviewed by Dr. Ivan C. Hall, New York, N. Y. 



t These anaerobic diplococci and streptococci, many of which are putrefactive 



