326 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



ovalis {loc. cit.) as a streptococcus in 

 Jahrb. f. Kinderheilk., Jfi, 1899, 161. 



According to Gorini (Le Lait, 6, 1936, 

 81 ) his term Gasirococcus is a synonym of 

 Enterococcus Thiercelin (loc. cit.), Micro- 

 coccus ovalis Escherich {loc. cit.) and 

 Streptococcus faecalis Andrewes and Hor- 

 der (loc. cit.). 



Spheres, ovals, of variable size (often 

 large), usually occurring in pairs and 

 sometimes short chains in fluid media. 

 Gram -positive. 



Gelatin stab: Filiform growth. No 

 liquefaction. 



Nutrient agar: Small, round, raised, 

 milky colonies. Streak culture fairly 

 abundant and confluent. 



Broth: Turbid, clearing later with 

 abundant sediment. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Litmus milk: Acid, usually reduction 

 of litmus before curdling; no digestion 

 of clot. 



Acid from glucose, maltose, lactose, 

 salicin and almost always mannitol ; may 

 or may not ferment arabinose, sucrose, 

 raffinose, glycerol, sorbitol. Inulin is sel- 

 dom fermented. 



Starch not hydrolyzed; sodium hip- 

 purate may be and esculin is hydrolyzed. 



Ammonia is produced from 4 per cent 

 peptone. 



Temperature relations : Optimum 37°C. 

 May grow at 5°C and below. Grows at 

 10°C and 45''C, seldom grows at 50°C. 

 Survives 62.8°C for 30 minutes. 



Chemical tolerance : Tolerates 2 per 

 cent, 4 per cent and 6.5 per cent NaCl. 

 Final pH in glucose broth 4.4 to 4.0. 

 Grows at pH 9.6. Tolerates 0.01 per cent 

 and 0.1 per cent methylene blue. Bile 

 does not lyse or inhibit growth. 



Action on blood: Usually greening; 

 sometimes no change. 



Toxin unknown . 



Serology: Lancefield's Group D (Sher- 

 man, Jour. Bact., 35, 1938, 81). 



Facultative anaerobe. 



Distinctive characters : Growth at 10°C 

 and 45°C ; survives 60°C for 30 minutes ; 

 reduction of litmus before curdling milk; 



growth at pH 9.6, in the presence of 6.5 

 per cent NaCl, and 0.1 per cent methyl- 

 ene blue; not hemolytic and does not 

 liquefy gelatin. 



Source : Human feces and intestinal 

 contents; inflammatory exudates; blood 

 stream in subacute endocarditis; Euro- 

 pean foul -brood of bees; milk and milk 

 products, especially cheese; garden 

 plants. 



Habitat: Human intestine, milk and 

 milk products. 



14. Streptococcus liquefaciens Stern- 

 berg emend. Orla-Jensen. (Sternberg, 

 Manual of Bacteriology, 1893, 613; Orla- 

 Jensen, The Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1919, 

 142). From Latin liquefaciens, lique- 

 fying. 



Synonyms : Micrococcus casei amari 

 Freudenreich, Landw. Jahrb. d. Schweiz, 

 8, 1894, 136; Streptococcus apis Maas- 

 sen, Arb. Biol. Abt. f. Land- u. Forst- 

 wirtsch. a.d.k. Gesundheitsamte, 6, 

 1908, 53 (as shown by Hucker, N. Y. 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 143, 1928, 40 

 and 190, 1932, 17); Bacillus (juntheri 

 Cowan, British Bee-Keepers Guide 

 Book, 20th ed., London, 1911, 171; 

 Streptococcus coli gracilis Escherich, 

 Die Darmbakterien des Sauglings und 

 ihre Beziehungen zur Physiologie der 

 Verdauung, 1886, 77 (Streptococcus gra- 

 cilis Lehmann and Neumann, Bakt. 

 Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 118). 



As explained by Hucker (N. Y. Agr. 

 Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 144, 1928, 6), some 

 of the acid proteolytic cocci first de- 

 scribed by Gorini in 1902 (loc. cit.) are 

 gelatin-liquefying streptococci identical 

 with Streptococcus liquefaciens . Also see 

 Long and Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. Sta. 

 Res. Bull. 206, 1936, 219. The following 

 names have been used for these strepto- 

 cocci : Bacteries productrices d'acide et 

 de presure, Gorini, Rev. gen. du Lait, 1, 

 1902, 173; Micrococcus casei liquefaciens 

 Orla-Jensen, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 13, 

 1904, 430; Micrococcus casei acido-proteo- 

 lyticus I (liquefies gelatin) and Micro- 



