346 Manual of determinative bacteriology 



Genua 111. Leuconostoc Van Tieghein emend. Hucker and Pedcrson.* 



(Van Tieghem, Ann. Sci. Nat., 6, Ser. 7, 1878, 170; Belacoccus Orla-Jensen, The 

 Lactic Acid Bacteria. Mem. Acad. Sci. Danemark, Sec. d. Sci., 5, Ser. 8, 1919, 146; 

 Hucker and Pederson, New York Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui. 167, 1930, 66.) From 

 Latin leucus, clear, colorless; M. L. Nostoc, a genus of blue-green algae. 



Cells normally spherical. Under certain conditions, such as in acid fruits and 

 vegetables, the cells may lengthen and become pointed or even elongated into a rod. 

 Certain types grow with a characteristic slime formation in sucrose media. Grow 

 on ordinary culture media, but growth is enhanced by the addition of yeast, tomato or 

 other vegetable extracts. Generally, a limited amount of acid is produced, consisting 

 of lactic and acetic acid ; alcohol is also formed, and about one-fourth of the fermented 

 glucose is changed to CO2. Levo lactic acid is always produced, and sometimes 

 dextro lactic acid also. Milk is rarely curdled. Fructose is reduced to mannitol. 

 Habitat: Milk, plant juices. 



The type species is Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Cienkowski) Van Tieghem. 



Key to the species of germs Leuconostoc. 



I. Acid from sucrose. 



A. Acid from pentoses. 



1. Leuconostoc mesenteroides. 



B. No acid from pentoses. 



2. Leuconostoc dextranicum. 

 II. No acid from sucrose. 



3. Leuconostoc citrovorum. 



1. Leuconostoc mesenteroides (Cien- Spec. Rept. Food Investigation Board, 



kowski) Van Tieghem. {Ascococcus mes- London, 1923, 134; Leuconostoc pleofructi 



enteroides Cienkowski, Arb. d. Naturf. Pederson, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. 



Gesellsch. a. d. Univ. a. Charkoff, 1878, Bull. 150 and 151, 1929.) From Greek 



12; Van Tieghem, Ann. Sci. Nat., (>, Ser. ntesenterium, mesentery; eidus, form 



7, 1878, 170; Leuconostoc indicum Liesen- (like). 



berg and Zopf, Beitr. z. Physiol, u. Probable synonym: Leuconostoc soyae 



Morph. niederer Organis., Heft 1, 1892, Rpignky, Bull. Sci., Res. Inst, for 



19; Streptococcus mesenterioides Migula, Leguminous Crops, Moscow (Russian), 



Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 1900,25; Leuconostoc f. ^^^^ ^^^ 



agglutinans Barendrecht Cent. f. Bakt., ' 'gheres: 0.9 to 1.2 microns in diameter, 

 II Abt., 7, 1901, 627; Leuconostoc alter ^ . . . , 1 . , 



' ', , ' TT rr, if^ni 1CA occurrmg m pairs and short or Jong 



Zettnow, Ztschr. f. Hyg., 57, 1907, 154; % ^u u ■ 



, ., r/ ,, 7 chains. In sucrose solutions the chains 



Leuconostoc opalanitza Zettnow, toe. , , , , . , , ^. 



cit ■ Betacoccus arabinosaceus Orla- ^^^ surrounded by a thick, gelatinous, 



Jensen, The Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1919, colorless membrane consisting of dextran. 



152; Leuconostoc arabinosaceus Hoi- Gram-posit ive. 



land. Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 223; Glucose gelatin colonies : Small, white 



Bacillus pleofructi Savage and Hunwicke, to grayish-white, raised, nodular. 



* Revised by Prof. G. J. Hucker and Prof. Carl S. Pederson, New York State Ex- 

 periment Station, Geneva, New York, September, 1938 ; further revision, December, 

 1943. 



