FAMILY LACTOBACTERIACEAE 



347 



Glucose gelatin stab: Growth along 

 entire stab. No liquefaction. 



Sucrose broth: Abundant growth with 

 massive formation of slimy material. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 mannose, .xylose, arabinose, sucrose, and 

 generally from lactose, rafiinose, salicin 

 and mannitol. Rarely acid from dextrin, 

 starch, inulin, sorbitol, rhamnose or 

 glycerol. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Produces slime from sucrose. Most 

 pronounced in sucrose gelatin stab. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 21° to 25°C. 



Distinctive characters : Active slime 

 producer in sucrose solutions. 



Source: Slime in sugar factory. 



Habitat : Most active of the genus. 

 Encountered in fermenting vegetable and 

 other plant materials. Frequently iso- 

 lated from slimy sugar solutions. 



2. Leuconostoc dextranicum (Bei- 

 jerinck) Hucker and Pederson. {Lacto- 

 coccus dextranicus Beijerinck, Folia 

 Microbiologica, Delft, 1912, 377; Beta- 

 coccus hovis Orla-Jensen, The Lactic Acid 

 Bacteria, Copenhagen, 1919, 152 {Leu- 

 conostoc hovis Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 

 1920, 223); Streptococcus paracitrovorus 

 Hammer, Research Bui. 63, Iowa Agr. 

 E.xp. Sta., 1920; Hucker and Pederson, 

 N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. 167, 

 1930, 67.) From Latin dexter, right; 

 M. L. dextranum, dextran; M. L. dex- 

 tranicus, related to dextran. 



Note : The description of Strepto- 

 coccus b, V. Freudenreich (Cent. f. Bakt., 

 II Abt., 3, 1897, 47) renamed Strepto- 

 coccus kefir by Migula (Syst. d. Bakt., 2, 

 1900, 44) is too indefinite to permit the 

 determination of its exact relationship 

 to the organisms in this genus. It is 

 clear, however, that the Streptococcus 

 kefir of these authors and that of Evans 

 (Jour. Agr. Res., 13, 1918, 235) were very 

 similar to if not identical with Leuco- 

 nostoc dextranicum. Streptococcus dis- 



tendens Hammer (Iowa State Coll. 

 Jour. Sci., 2, 1927, 5) may also be identi- 

 cal with Leuconostoc dextranicum. 



Spheres : 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, 

 occurring in pairs and in short chains. 

 Gram-positive. 



Gelatin stab : Gray filiform growth in 

 stab. 



Agar colonies: Small, gray, circular, 

 slightly raised, entire. 



Glucose broth : Slight grayish sedi- 

 ment. 



Litmus milk: Acid, coagulation. Fre- 

 quently shows slight reduction of litmus 

 in bottom of tube. 



Potato : No visible growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Produce slime from sucrose in rapidly 

 growing cultures. 



Acid from glucose, fructose, galactose, 

 maltose, sucrose, and generally from 

 lactose and mannose. No acid from 

 .xylose, arabinose, glycerol, rhamnose, 

 sorbitol, mannitol, starch, rarely raf- 

 finose, inulin or dextrin. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature of growth 21° 

 to 25°C. 



Distinctive characters : Produces 

 moderate amount of slime in sucrose 

 solutions. 



Source: Dairy starters. 



Habitat: Found both in plant mate- 

 rials and in milk products. 



3. Leuconostoc citrovoriun (Hammer) 

 Hucker and Pederson. {Streptococcus 

 citrovorus Hammer, Research Bull. No. 

 63, Iowa Agr, Exper. Sta., 1920; Hucker 

 and Pederson, N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. 

 Bull. 167, 1930, 67.) From Latin citrus, 

 the citron tree; M. L., lemon or orange, 

 hence citric acid; voro, devour. 



Spheres: 0.6 to 1.0 micron in diameter, 

 occuring in pairs and chains. Gram- 

 positive. 



Gelatin stab: Filiform growth in stab. 

 No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies: Small, gray, entire, 

 slightly raised. 



