354 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



sucrose, inulin and usually froiu dextrin, 

 starch, maltose, raffinose and trehalose. 

 A few strains form acid from lactose and 

 salicin. The acid consists of inactive 

 lactic acid and IS to 25 per cent of volatile 

 acid (Weiss and Rettger). 



Optimum temperature 37°C. Maj^ 

 show slight growth at 20°C. Killed at 

 60°C in 15 minutes. 



Non-pathogenic for mice or guinea pigs. 



Strict anaerobe (Tissier). Strict an- 

 aerobe in primary culture becoming 

 microaerophilic (Weiss and Rettger). 



Distinctive characters: Bifurcations 

 and club-shaped forms (Tissier), particu- 

 larly in infant feces and in primary 

 culture (Weiss and Rettger). 



Source : From feces of nursing infants. 



Habitat : Very common in the feces of 

 infants. May constitute almost the 

 entire intestinal flora of breast-fed in- 

 fants. Also present in smaller numbers 

 with bottle-fed infants. Possibly more 

 widely distributed than indicated in the 

 intestines of warm-blooded animals. 



5a. Lactobacillus parabifidus Weiss 

 and Rettger. {Bacleriian bifidum Orla- 

 Jensen, The Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1919, 

 192; Bacteroides bifidus (Group 2) 

 Eggerth, Jour. Bact., 30, 1935, 295; Lacto- 

 bacilliis bifidus II or Lactobacillus para- 

 bifidus Weiss and Rettger, Jour. Bact., 

 35, 1938, 17; Jour. Inf. Dis.,^^, 1938, 115.) 



This is the more anaerobic variety of 

 the bifid organisms from feces and seems 

 to be more common in the intestine of 

 adults. In contrast to Lactobacillus 

 bifidus, it produces more volatile acid as 

 well as dextro lactic acid, and ferments 

 arabinose, xylose and melezitose but not 

 mannose . 



6. Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Luerssen 

 and Kiihn) Holland. {Bacillus A, Gri- 

 goroff. Revue M^d. Suisse romande, 25, 

 1905; Bacillus bulgaricus Luerssen and 

 Kiihn, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 20, 1907, 

 241 ; Thermobacterium brdgaricum Orla- 

 Jensen, The Lactic Acid Bacteria, 1919, 

 164; Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 215; 



Acidobacterium bulgar icum Schlirf , Cent. 

 f. Bakt., I Abt., Orig., 97, 1925, 116; 

 Plocamobactcrium bulqaricum Lehmann 

 and Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 7 Aufl., 2, 

 1927, 511.) From Latin bulgaricus, of or 

 related to Bulgaria. 



Probable synonyms : Lactobacillus 

 longus Beijerinck, Arch, n^erl. d. sci. 

 exact, et nat., S^r. 2, 7, 1901, 212 (not 

 Lactobacillus longus Bergey et al.. 

 Manual, 4th ed., 1934, 312); Bacterium 

 casei filans Gorini, Rend. R. Ace. Lincei, 

 21, 1912, 472; Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 37, 

 1913, 1. 



Description of Luerssen and Kiihn 

 supplemented by Grigoroff, loc. cit.; 

 Cohendy, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol. Paris, 

 58, 1906, 364; Kuntze, Cent. f. Bakt., II 

 Abt., 21, 1908, 737; Bertrand and 

 Duchacek, Ann. Inst. Past., 23, 1909, 402; 

 White and Avery, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 

 25, 1910, 161; Rahe, Jour. Bact., 3, 1918, 

 420; Orla-Jensen, The Lactic Acid Bac- 

 teria, 1919, 164; Kulp and Rettger, Jour. 

 Bact., 9, 1924, 357; Sherman and Hodge, 

 Jour. Dairy Sci., 19, 19.36, 494. 



Rods : Slender rods with rounded ends, 

 often in chains. Non-motile. Gram- 

 positive, older cultures showing un- 

 stained portions (Luerssen and Kiihn). 



Whey gelatin: No liquefaction (White 

 and Avery). 



Colonies : Flat, yellowish-white, 2 to 

 3 mm. Old cultures have dark centers. 

 Deep colonies globular (Luerssen and 

 Kiihn ) . 



Whey agar colonies : Circular to irregu- 

 lar (White and Avery). 



Milk: Coagulation at 37°C. No gas. 

 No decomposition of casein. 



Potato : Yellow-white colonies (Luers- 

 sen and Kiihn). No growth (Grigoroff), 

 (Cohendy), (White and Avery). 



Indole not formed (Grigoroff), (White 

 and Avery). 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Results on acid production from sugars 

 vary. Glucose, lactose and galactose are 

 apparently always fermented while xy- 

 lose, arabinose, sorbose, rhamnose, dulci- 

 tol, mannitol, dextrin, inulin and starch 



