378 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Litmus milk: Coagulation, acid. 



Catalase positive. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Ferments lactic and pyruvic acids, 

 glycerol, dihydroxyacetone, arabinose, 

 glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose, 

 lactose, nialtose, sucrose, raffinose, de.x- 

 trin, glycogen and starch with the 

 formation of propionic and acetic acids, 

 and carbon dioxide. 



Acid from esculin, salicin and mannitol. 

 No acid from dulcitol, inulin or xylose. 

 * Anaerobic, but less so than Propioni- 

 bacterium freudenreichii . 



Distinctive characters : The ability to 

 ferment the polysaccharides dextrin, 

 glycogen and starch. 



Source: From Edam and Tilsit cheese. 



Habitat : Dairy products. 



10. Propionibacterixun arabinosum 

 Hitchner. (Hitchner, Jour. Bact., 23, 

 1932, 40; 28, 1934, 473; Werkman and 

 Brown, Jour. Bact., 26, 1933, 410.) 

 From M. L. arabictim, gum Arabic ; M. L. 

 arabinosum , arabinose . 



Description of culture isolated bj- 

 Hitchner. 



Cells in neutral lactate media spherical, 

 0.8 micron, in pairs and short chains. 

 In acid media swollen spheres and ellip- 

 soidal cells occur, mostly 2.0 by 3.0 to 

 3.5 microns, often in pairs and short 

 chains. Non-motile. Metachromatic 

 granules. Gram-positive. 



Yeast gelatin-lactate-stab : No lique- 

 faction. 



Yeast agar-lactate -stab : Cream-colored 

 growth in stab, with distinct orange- 

 yellow surface growth. 



Liquid cultures : Turbid in early 

 stages, cream-colored, smooth sediment. 



Litmus milk: No coagulation. 



Catalase very slightly positive. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrite production not recorded. 



Ferments lactic and pyruvic acids, 

 glycerol, dihydroxyacetone, d- and 1- 

 arabinose, glucose, galactose, fructose, 

 mannose, cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, 



raffinose and mannitol with the produc- 

 tion of propionic and acetic acids, and 

 carbon dioxide. 



Acid from sorbitol. No acid from 

 dulcitol, xylose, rhamnose, salicin or 

 inulin. 



Anaerobic, but less so than Propioni- 

 bacterium freudenreichii. 



Distinctive characters : The develop- 

 ment of spherical involution forms in 

 acid media, the almost complete absence 

 of catalase, the ability to ferment both 

 d- and 1-arabinose, but not xylose and 

 rhamnose. 



Source : Not definitely stated. 



Habitat: Dairy products. 



Note: The strain obtained from Dr. 

 E. B. Fred produced only minute 

 amounts of acid from lactose and starch. 

 It is questionable whether these carbo- 

 hydrates are fermented. 



11. Propionibacterixxm pentosaceum 



van Neil. (Bacillus acidi propionici 

 von Freudenreich and Orla -Jensen, Cent, 

 f. Bakt., II Abt., 17, 1906, 532; van Niel, 

 The Propionic Acid Bacteria, 1928, 163; 

 Werkman and Brown, Jour. Bact., 26, 

 1933, 408.) From M. L. pentosum, a 

 pentose. 



Description taken from van Niel, and 

 Werkman and Brown. 



In neutral lactate media cells spherical, 

 0.8 micron, in pairs and short chains. 

 In media developing acidity long, irregu- 

 lar rods, swollen and branched, to 3 to 4 

 microns in length. Aerobic growth irreg- 

 ular, swollen and branched, long rods. 

 Non-motile. Metachromatic granules. 

 Gram positive. 



Yeast gelatin-lactate stab: No lique- 

 faction. 



Yeast agar-lactate stab : Cream-colored 

 development in stab, with abundant, 

 cream-colored surface growth. 



Liquid media : Turbid in early stages ; 

 smooth, creamy sediment, ropy. 



Litmus milk: Coagulated, acid. 



Catalase: Slightly positive. 



Indole not formed. 



