398 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Wales, 59, 1934, 42.) From Latin fila- 

 mentosus, full of threads. 



Rods: Variable in shape. Young cells 

 typically curved, vibrio-like, 0.5 to 0.8 by 

 2.0 to 7.0 microns, sometimes longer 

 and branched. Always in parallel bun- 

 dles. Usually non-motile but a few cells 

 exhibit a peculiar oscillatory or rotatory 

 movement. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: Colonies small, spherical, en- 

 tire. Filiform white growth in stab. 

 Liquefaction slow starting at end of 7 

 days. 



Asparagine agar : Good characteristic 

 growth, widely spreading, central part 

 convex, smooth, glistening, white, sending 

 dendritic projections into the broad mar- 

 ginal part. Usually produces light green- 

 ish-yellow soluble pigment. 



Glucose agar : Growth less vigorous 

 than on asparagine agar, flat, cream- 

 colored to grayish -yellow, viscid. 



Sabouraud (whey) agar : Similar to glu- 

 cose agar. 



Potato : Scant to no growth, flat, glis- 

 tening, cream-colored to grayish-yellow, 

 surrounded by a white halo. 



Broth : Faint uniform turbidity. Soft, 

 flaky, cream-colored sediment. 



Milk: White to cream-colored surface 

 ring and sediment. No coagulation. 

 Digestion in 2 to 4 weeks. Neutral to 

 faintly acid. 



May produce nitrites from nitrates. 



Starch is not hydrolyzed. 



Acid from glycerol and arabinose. 

 Strong and rapid alkaline formation in 

 other sugar media. 



Optimum reaction pH 5.4 to 5.5. 



Excellent growth at 37°C. 



Aerobic . 



Regarded as being much like Vibrio 

 lingualis Eisenberg and Bacterium race- 

 mosum Zettnow. 



Source : From red soil from Griffith, 

 Australia. 



Habitat : Soil. 



Appendix I:* The following four spe- 

 cies of plant pathogens have an unusual 

 combination of characters in that they are 

 reported to be Gram-positive and polar 

 flagellate. Cultures of two of the four 

 species have been available for study and 

 these and other characters have been re- 

 checked by several persons. Corynebac- 

 tcriiun flaccumfaciens shows many wedge- 

 shaped cells and longer cells with a 

 slight curve. It is motile with a single 

 polar flagellum and shows Gram-positive 

 with commonly used procedures for 

 Gram-staining. Corynebacterium poin- 

 settiae shows a straighter form of cell but 

 in other characters is like C. flaccum- 

 faciens. Prof. W. H. Burkholder and 

 Dr. M. P. Starr really feel that these 

 organisms are most closely related to 

 other more typical corynebacteria. 

 They are therefore placed for the present 

 in this appendix, although by the char- 

 acters used in the keys they would be 

 placed in Pseudomonadacea.e . 



1. Corynebacterium hypertrophicans 



(Stahel) comb. nov. {Pseudomonas hy- 

 pertrophicans Stahel, Phyt. Ztschr., 6', 

 1933, 445; Phytomonas hypertrophicans 

 Magrou, in Hauduroy et al.. Diet. d. 

 Bact. Path., Paris, 1937, 367.) From 

 Greek hyper-trophe, hypertrophy. 



Rods : 0.6 to 0.8 by 1.2 to 2.8 microns. 

 Motile with a polar flagellum. Bipolar 

 staining. Gram-positive. 



Gelatin: No growth. 



Agar colonies : Slow growing, circular, 

 raised, wet-shining, white. 



Broth plus sucrose : Growth good. No 

 pellicle. 



Milk: No visible change. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates. 



Indole not formed. 



No H2S produced. 



Acid but no gas from glucose, fructose 

 and sucrose. No acid from lactose and 

 glycerol. The acids from sucrose are 

 lactic and formic. 



♦Prepared by Prof. Walter H. Burkholder, New York State College of Agriculture, 

 Ithaca, New York, May, 1945. 



