414 



MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



2. Alcaligenes viscosus (Weldiu and 

 Levine) Weldin. {Bacillus lactis viscosus 

 Adametz, Cent. f. i3akt., 9, 1891, 698; 

 Bacillus viscosus lactis Kruse, in Fliigge, 

 Die Mikroorganismen, 2, 1896, 359; Bac- 

 terium viscosus lactis Chester, Delaware 

 Agr. Exp. Sta. 9th Ann. Rept., 1897, 89; 

 Bacterium lactis viscosum Lehmann and 

 Neumann, Bakt. Diag., 1 Aufl., 2, 1896, 

 198 (Eng. ed., 1901, 196) ; Bacterium sub- 

 viscosum Migula, Sy.st. d. Bakt., 2, 1900, 

 326; Group I, varieties 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of 

 Harrison, Rev. G^n. du Lait, 5, 1905, 100; 

 Bacterium visco-coccoidium Buchanan 

 and Hammer, Iowa Agr. Exp. Stat. Re- 

 search Bull. 22, 1915, 260; Bacillus lactis- 

 viscosus Holland, Jour. Bact., 5, 1920, 218; 

 Bacterium lactis-viscosus Holland, idem; 

 Bacterium viscosum Weldin and Levine, 

 Abst. Bact., 7, 1923, 16 (not Bacterium 

 viscosum. Migula, Syst. d. Bakt.,^, 1900, 

 647) ; Lactobacillus viscosus Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 244; Achromobacter 

 viscosum Bergey et al., Manual, 2nd ed., 

 1925, 169; Weldin, Iowa State College 

 Jour. Sci., 1, 1927, 186.) From Latin 

 viscosus, viscous. 



Description taken largely from Long 

 and Hammer, Iowa State Coll. Jour, of 

 Sci., 10, 1936, 262. 



Rods: 0.6 to 1.0 by 0.8 to 2.6 microns, 

 almost spherical cells frequently found, 

 occurring singly, in pairs or short chains. 

 Motile (Adametz, loc. cit.); non-motile 

 (Long and Hammer, loc. cit.). Gram- 

 negative, rarely Gram-positive. Cap- 

 sules produced in milk cultures. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, gray becoming 

 yellowish. 



Gelatin stab : White surface growth 

 with villous growth in stab. Xo lique- 

 faction. 



Agar colonies : After 3 to 4 days, circu- 

 lar, 4 to 6 mm in diameter, white, viscid, 

 shining, edge entire. 



Agar slant: Abundant, white, spread- 

 ing, viscid, shining. 



Broth: Turbid with thin pellicle and 

 some sediment. Ropiness generally pro- 

 duced. 



Litmus milk : Ropiness produced. Pel- 

 licle formed. Alkaline. No coagulation. 



Potato : Moderately heavy, dirty -white, 

 spreading, shining growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites ordinarily not produced or 

 produced only in a trace from nitrates. 



No H2S produced. 



Slight, if any, acid production from 

 carbohydrates. 



Fat is hydrolyzed. 



Methyl red reaction negative. 



Voges-Proskauer reaction negative. 



Temperature relations : Growth occurs 

 at 10° and at 20°C. At 37° and at 40°C 

 growth variable. 



Aerobic. 



Source : Originally isolated from water. 



Habitat : Found in water and around 

 dairy barns, dairy utensils. Produces 

 ropiness in milk. 



Long and Hammer (Iowa State Coll. 

 Jour. Sci., 10, 1936, 264) have described 

 a variety of this species {Alcaligenes vis- 

 cosus var. dissimilis) which does not 

 produce ropiness in milk. 



3. Alcaligenes metalcaligenes Castel- 

 lani and Chalmers. (Castellani and 

 Chalmers, Man. Trop. Med., 1919, 936; 

 Bacterium metcdcaligcnes Weldin and 

 Levine, Abst. Bact., 7, 1923, 13; Achro- 

 mobacter metalcaligenes Bergey et al., 

 Manual, 2nd ed., 1925, 169.) From 

 Greek meta, in common with; M. L., 

 resembling cUcaligenes. 



Rods : 0.6 by 1 .5 microns, with rounded 

 ends, occurring singly and in pairs. Non- 

 motile. Gram-negative. 



Gelatin stab: No liquefaction. 



Agar colonies : Circular, raised, smooth, 

 amorphous, entire, gray. 



Agar slant : Gray, scanty, filiform, con- 

 toured, viscid. 



Broth : Membranous pellicle with heavy 

 sediment. 



Litmus milk: Alkaline. 



Potato: Scanty, glistening, smooth, 

 sometimes faint pink. 



Indole not formed. 



