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MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY 



Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. 

 Gram-negative. 



All media except the fresh-water broth, 

 litmus milk, and potato were prepared 

 with sea water. 



Gelatin colonies: Small, circular, con- 

 vex, entire, rust or orange colored, digest 

 gelatin. 



Gelatin stab: Slow napiform liquefac- 

 tion, yellow growth. 



Agar colonies : 2 mm, circular, entire, 

 smooth, convex. 



Agar slant: Moderate, filiform, glisten- 

 ing, butyrous growth with yellow pig- 

 ment. 



Sea -water broth : No pellicle, moderate 

 turbidity, moderate viscid sediment. 



Fresh-water broth: Good growth. 



Litmus milk: No visible change. 

 Casein is digested. 



Potato: No visible growth. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites slowly produced from nitrates. 



Does not produce acid or gas from 

 glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glyc- 

 erol, mannitol, xylose, or salicin. 



Starch not hydrolyzed. 



Hydrogen sulfide is formed. 



Ammonia produced from peptone but 

 not from urea. 



Fats not hydrolyzed. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 20° to 25°C. 



Source: Marine mud. 



Habitat: Sea water. 



4. Flavobacterium rigense Bergey et 



al. {Bacillus brunneus rigensis Bazarew- 

 ski, Cent. f. Bakt., II Abt., 15, 1905, 1; 

 Bergey et al., Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 

 100.) From Riga, the name of the city 

 where the species was isolated. 



Rods : 0.75 by 1.7 to 2.5 microns, occur- 

 ring singly. Motile, possessing peri- 

 trichous flagella. Gram -negative. 



Gelatin colonies : Circular, entire to 

 undulate, grayish-white, homogeneous. 



Gelatin stab: Smooth, yellowish sur- 

 face growth. Infundibuliform liquefac- 

 tion. Brownish-yellow sediment. 



Agar slant : Narrow, whitish streak, be- 

 coming yellowish -brown, spreading. 

 Pigment is water and alcohol soluble. In- 

 soluble in ether. 



Broth : Turbid with pellicle and brown- 

 ish sediment. Cells capsulated. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: Yellow, spreading growth. 

 The growth turns brownish. 



Hydrogen sulfide not formed. 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites produced from nitrates. 



Aerobic, facultative. 



Optimum temperature 30°C. Brown- 

 ish colors develop best at lower tempera- 

 tures. Orange-yellow colors develop best 

 at 37°C. 



Plabitat: Soil. 



5. Flavobacterium devorans (Zimmer- 

 mann) Bergey et al. {Bacillus devorans 

 Zimmermann, Bakt. unserer Trink- u. 

 Nutzwiisser, Chemnitz, 1, 1890, 48; 

 Bacterium devorans Chester, Ann. Rept. 

 Del. Col. Agr. Exp. Sta., 9, 1897, 96; 

 Bergey et al.. Manual, 1st ed., 1923, 102.) 

 From Latin devorans, devouring. 



Characters added to Zimmermann's 

 description by Bergey {loc. cit.) from his 

 private notes are indicated. Steinhaus 

 (Jour. Bact., 42, 1941, 771) apparently 

 found the same organism. 



Rods : 0.7 by 0.9 to 1.2 microns, occur- 

 ring singly, in pairs and chains. Motile 

 (Zimmermann), possessing peritrichous 

 flagella (Bergey). Gram-negative (Zim- 

 mermann). 



Gelatin colonies : Circular, white, gran- 

 ular to filamentous, becoming yellowish- 

 gray. 



Gelatin stab: Slow infundibuliform 

 liquefaction. 



Agar slant: Thin, gray, spreading. 



Broth: Turbid. 



Litmus milk: Unchanged. 



Potato: No growth (Zimmermann). 

 Yellowish -gray streak (Bergey). 



Indole not formed. 



Nitrites not produced from nitrates 

 (Bergey). 



